EU Trade Policy Responses to the Proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements in Latin America and East and Southeast Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davit Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
East And Southeast Asia

Subsidies Regulation Beyond the WTO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Borlini
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Negative Function ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
The Eu

An increasingly important aspect of EU trade policy since the lifting of its self-imposed moratorium on preferential trade agreements (PTAs) has been the inclusion of WTO+ provisions on subsidies in bilateral agreements negotiated with a number of third countries. This article covers the main bilateral PTAs negotiated after the publication of the Commission’s Communication on ‘Global Europe’ in order to explore the implications of the different subsidy disciplines they set out. It also discusses the questions that arise when examining the legal discipline of public aid provided by such agreements, regarding not only the substantive appropriateness of standards and rules on compatibility, but also the procedural mechanisms designed to guarantee the implementation and the enforcement of such rules. It concludes that the most advanced among the EU PTAs are shaped as competition regulation and go beyond a mere negative function, ensuring that subsidies can contribute to fundamental public goals.

scholarly journals Economic Growth Creation Or Diversion? The Record of Trade Agreements In Latin America

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-122
Author(s):  
Gustavo Barboza ◽  
Sandra Trejos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Capita Output

This paper examines the effects of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) andGATT/WTO membership on economic growth using a sample of seventeen LatinAmerican countries for the period 1950-2004. In general, the evidence indicatesthat the proliferation of bilateral and multi country regional and extra regional tradeagreements has not resulted in faster economic growth. On the contrary, we find thatPTAs and WTO only have a weak positive effect on increasing trade openness; butthis relationship does not translate into faster economic growth when controlling forcapital, labor force and trade openness. These results are robust to both static anddynamic model specifications, indicating that trade openness has a positive effect onper capita output growth, but PTA and WTO membership do not. Integration via defacto increases output growth while integration via de jure does not. Based on theresults, PTAs create a net diversion effect on economic growth.

The Economics and Politics of Preferential Trade Agreements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Baccini
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Welfare Effect ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Economics And Politics

The proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) is a key feature of this current wave of globalization. This chapter surveys the literature related to determinants of PTAs and their consequences. The key findings of the literature are two-fold. First, the expansion of global value chains is the main driver of the formation of PTAs. Second, PTAs generate stark distributional consequences among firms with large productive firms reaping the lion’s share of the gains from trade. Given that the welfare effect of preferential liberalization is generally small, forming PTAs is likely to remain a controversial trade policy among politicians and voters.

scholarly journals Renaissance of Protectionism as a Concept of Economic Policy: Theoretical and Applied Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Kseniya V. Mokhnatkina ◽  
◽  
Nataliia V. Naidenova ◽  
Anna Y. Shkryabina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Preferential Trade

Introduction. Changes in the balance of power in the global economy, the increasing role of the Asia-Pacific countries in international trade, the consequences of the global crisis of 2008–2009 led to a revision of foreign trade policy by both developed and developing countries, to an increased application of protective measures of national economy. Theoretical analysis. State economic policy aimed at protecting and realizing the interests of the national economy is protectionism in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, protectionism is considered as a foreign trade policy. The use of historical and logical methods in the study of the foreign trade policy of protectionism made it possible to identify the main stages of its development and the characteristics of each stage. Empirical analysis. The study analyzes the dynamics of the current and financial accounts of the balance of payments of Russia and the largest participants in international trade, shows the degree of their dependence on international trade and their vulnerability to the strengthening of protectionist measures. The article substantiates the need for Russia to pursue a policy of neo-protectionism, stimulate the generation of its own value chains and join regional chains, and actively participate in regional and preferential trade agreements. Results. At the new stage of the foreign trade policy of protectionism, its measures became more hidden, and the role of customs duties faded into the background. The desire to reduce non-tariff barriers, protect intellectual property rights, remove restrictions associated with manipulating the exchange rate, encourage regional integration, the conclusion of preferential trade agreements. In the future, having fulfilled a progressive role, regional and preferential agreements can be transformed into multilateral ones. The creation of a mechanism for such a transformation may become a new function of the reformed WTO.

Reference Note on Trade Policy, Preferential Trade Agreements, and WTO Consistency

Policy Papers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Independent Evaluation

This Reference Note introduces guidance on preferential trade agreements (PTAs). In so doing, it responds to the request by the Executive Board in the context of the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) Evaluation of IMF Involvement in Trade Policy Issues. Section II provides context for the Fund’s work on trade policy, drawing upon the 2009 IEO Evaluation, the 2005 Review of Fund Work on Trade, and the discussion of the Executive Board on these occasions. Section III reflects issues presented in Preferential Trade Agreements—Issues for the Fund, discussed at an informal Board seminar in December 2006.

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