scholarly journals Suvorexant as an orexin antagonist may regulate serum glucose levels in psychiatric patients with insomnia

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 844-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Nakamura ◽  
Takahiko Nagamine
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

scholarly journals Fish protein intake induces fast-muscle hypertrophy and reduces liver lipids and serum glucose levels in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminori Kawabata ◽  
Takafumi Mizushige ◽  
Keisuke Uozumi ◽  
Kohsuke Hayamizu ◽  
Li Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Glucose Levels

Time-dependent effect of an oral hypoglycemic agent upon serum glucose levels

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-851
Author(s):  
Juan J. Gagliardino ◽  
María T. Pessacq ◽  
Oscar Marcote ◽  
Elma E. Gagliardino
Keyword(s):  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agent ◽  
Time Dependent Effect

scholarly journals Characterization of hyperglycemia due to sub-chronic administration of red ginseng extract via comparative global proteomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Yae Na ◽  
Jung Jae Jo ◽  
Oh Kwang Kwon ◽  
Piljoung Cho ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Term Administration

AbstractGinseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is commonly used as an herbal remedy worldwide. Few studies have explored the possible physiological changes in the liver although patients often self-medicate with ginseng preparations, which may lead to exceeding the recommended dose for long-term administration. Here, we analyzed changes in the hepatic proteins of mouse livers using quantitative proteomics after sub-chronic administration of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract (control group and 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg KRG) using tandem mass tag (TMT) 6‐plex technology. The 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg KRG groups exhibited signs of liver injury, including increased levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. Furthermore, serum glucose levels were significantly higher following KRG administration compared with the control group. Based on the upregulated proteins found in the proteomic analysis, we found that increased cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) levels promoted greater hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesis in the liver. This investigation provides novel evidence that sub-chronic administration of KRG can elevate H2S production by increasing protein expression of CBS and CSE in the liver.

scholarly journals The Frequent Adiponutrin (PNPLA3) Variant p.Ile148Met Is Associated with Early Liver Injury: Analysis of a German Pediatric Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Krawczyk ◽  
Roman Liebe ◽  
Ina B. Maier ◽  
Anna Janina Engstler ◽  
Frank Lammert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Common ◽  
German Children

Introduction.The common adiponutrin (PNPLA3) variant p.Ile148Met is associated with liver injury. Here, we investigate the association of this polymorphism with hepatic and metabolic traits in a pediatric cohort.Patients and Methods.The study cohort comprised 142 German children (age 5–9 years, 98 overweight, 19 children with NAFLD).Results.Overweight children presented with increased serum ALT (P=0.001) and GGT (P<0.001) activities. ALT activities differed significantly (P=0.02) between carriers of differentPNPLA3genotypes in the entire study cohort, in normal weight children (P=0.02) and in children younger than 7 years (P=0.02). Carriers of the prosteatoticPNPLA3genotype p.148Met/Met displayed higher ALT activities as compared to children with the frequent genotype p.148Ile/Ile (P=0.01). The BMI was however a stronger predictor of ALT activities compared to thePNPLA3genotype (P<0.001andP=0.06, resp.). The variant was associated with increased serum glucose levels (P=0.01) and HOMA index (P=0.02) in carriers of the p.148Ile/Met genotype but did not affect other metabolic traits or the presence of NAFLD.Discussion.The frequentPNPLA3variant p.Ile148Met is associated with serum ALT activities already at a young age.

Hypothalamic noradrenergic and sympathoadrenal control of glycemia after stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. E231-E235
Author(s):  
G. A. Smythe ◽  
W. S. Pascoe ◽  
L. H. Storlien
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Swim Stress ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Positive Correlations

Central noradrenergic pathways play a significant role in mediating blood glucose levels after neuroglycopenia. To further investigate hypothalamic noradrenergic neuronal activity (NNA) and sympathoadrenal influences in glucoregulation, we studied the effects of acute stress on glycemia and insulin release in normal and adrenalectomized (ADRX) rats. Within 5 min of exposure of rats to ether or cold-swim stress, significant positive correlations were evident between hypothalamic NNA and serum glucose levels (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001; at 15 min r = 0.78, P less than 0.0001). Five minutes after stress in the intact rat, insulin release was inhibited and serum insulin levels inversely correlated to hypothalamic NNA (r = 0.45, P less than 0.05). This relationship between insulin and NNA was no longer present 15 min after stress, but the levels of insulin remained inappropriately low with respect to the elevated serum glucose levels (approximately 30% above basal). Blockade of sympathetic noradrenergic pathways by treatment of intact rats with guanethidine prevented the rise in glucose after cold-swim stress but did not prevent the inhibition of insulin release. Fifteen minutes after exposure of ADRX rats to cold-swim stress their hypothalamic NNA and serum glucose levels were similar to intact animals. However, in contrast to their intact counterparts, serum insulin levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.01). These data are consistent with central noradrenergic neural pathways directly mediating hepatic glucose release and indirectly inhibiting pancreatic insulin release via activation of adrenal medullary catecholamines.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction precedes hypertension in diet-induced insulin resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. R788-R792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad V. G. Katakam ◽  
Michael R. Ujhelyi ◽  
Margarethe E. Hoenig ◽  
Allison Winecoff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels

The insulin-resistant (IR) syndrome may be an impetus for the development of hypertension (HTN). Unfortunately, the mechanism by which this could occur is unclear. Our laboratory and others have described impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation in IR, mildly hypertensive rats. The purpose of the current study is to determine if HTN is most likely a cause or result of impaired endothelial function. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive a fructose-rich diet for 3, 7, 10, 14, 18, or 28 days or were placed in a control group. The control group received rat chow. After diet treatment, animals were instrumented with arterial cannulas, and while awake and unrestrained, their blood pressure (BP) was measured. Subsequently, endothelium-mediated relaxation to acetylcholine was determined (in vitro) by measuring intraluminal diameter of phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric arteries (∼250 μM). Serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in all groups receiving fructose feeding compared with control, whereas there were no differences in serum glucose levels between groups. Impairment of endothelium-mediated relaxation starts by day 14 [mean percent maximal relaxation (Emax): 69 ± 10% of baseline] and becomes significant by day 18 (Emax: 52 ± 11% of baseline; P < 0.01). However, the mean BP (mmHg) does not become significantly elevated until day 28 [BP: 132 ± 1 ( day 28) vs. 116 ± 3 (control); P < 0.05]. These findings demonstrate that both IR and endothelial dysfunction occur before HTN in this model and suggest that endothelial dysfunction may be a mechanism linking insulin resistance and essential HTN.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone Administration in Mice Leads to Less Body Weight Gain over Time, Lower Serum Glucose, and Higher Insulin Levels Independently of NRF2

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Fotini Filippopoulou ◽  
George I. Habeos ◽  
Vagelis Rinotas ◽  
Antonia Sophocleous ◽  
Gerasimos P. Sykiotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Insulin

Glucocorticoids are used widely on a long-term basis in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their adverse effects include the development of hyperglycemia and osteoporosis, whose molecular mechanisms have been only partially studied in preclinical models. Both these glucocorticoid-induced pathologies have been shown to be mediated at least in part by oxidative stress. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. Thus, we hypothesized that NRF2 may play a role in glucocorticoid-induced metabolic disease and osteoporosis. To this end, WT and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) mice of both genders were treated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone or vehicle 3 times per week for 13 weeks. Dexamethasone treatment led to less weight gain during the treatment period without affecting food consumption, as well as to lower glucose levels and high insulin levels compared to vehicle-treated mice. Dexamethasone also reduced cortical bone volume and density. All these effects of dexamethasone were similar between male and female mice, as well as between WT and Nrf2KO mice. Hepatic NRF2 signaling and gluconeogenic gene expression were not affected by dexamethasone. A 2-day dexamethasone treatment was also sufficient to increase insulin levels without affecting body weight and glucose levels. Hence, dexamethasone induces hyperinsulinemia, which potentially leads to decreased glucose levels, as well as osteoporosis, both independently of NRF2.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effects of Using Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Linum Usitatissimum and Rosa Damascena on Liver Function in Adult Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Padam ◽  
◽  
Ameneh Khoshvaghti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Damage to liver tissue and its dysfunction is very important and if left untreated, it can cause serious problems and even death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena on liver enzymes, total protein, bilirubin, albumin, and serum glucose levels. Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 42 male rats divided into 6 groups; control group (group 1) received only sufficient water and food, groups 1 and 2 received 300 and 500 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum extract, groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 1000 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena, and group 6 received 100 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum plus 250 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena extracts intraperitoneally for 28 days. After the last injection, the rats were weighed and their blood samples were collected. The study parameters were measured using a colorimetric method by a spectrophotometer, and then were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test in SPSS V. 25 at a significance level of P<0.05. Findings: There was no significant difference between alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels in the control group in comparison with other groups (P>0.05). In the groups received Rosa damascena extract, there was a significant difference between total protein and albumin levels compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase in the control group compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena have no negative effect on the liver function. The probability of diarrhea occurrence and the possible effects on the total protein and serum albumin after using Rosa damascena, and the effects of different doses of Linum usitatissimum on the glucose levels should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.

scholarly journals Are Vaspin and Omentin-1 Related to Insulin Resistance, Blood Pressure and Inflammation in NAFLD Patients?

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Aliasghari ◽  
Azimeh Izadi ◽  
Masoumeh Jabbari ◽  
Bahareh Imani ◽  
Bahram Pourghassem Gargari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Hs Crp

Summary Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, is the most common cause of chronic liver. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Vaspin and omentin-1 in the NAFLD-related pathology including IR, inflammation and elevated blood pressure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 83 NAFLD patients in Jahrom, Iran. Plasma levels of omentin-1, Vaspin, hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured. Anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, liver enzymes as well as abdominal ultrasonography were assessed. Results: Partial correlations controlling for age and sex showed significant positive correlation between Vaspin and fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP. It has been observed that omentin negatively correlated with glucose levels. Moreover, a marginally significant association has been found between Omentin levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusions: This study shows that Vaspin and Omentin-1 are associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and serum glucose levels in patients with NAFLD.

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