scholarly journals Chitosan primes plant defence mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea , including expression of Avr9/Cf‐9 rapidly elicited genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Daniel De Vega ◽  
Nicola Holden ◽  
Pete E Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Estrella Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

scholarly journals Chitosan primes plant defence mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea, including expression of Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly-elicited genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel De Vega ◽  
Nicola Holden ◽  
Pete E Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Estrella Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

AbstractCurrent crop protection strategies against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea rely on a combination of conventional fungicides and host genetic resistance. However, due to pathogen evolution and legislation in the use of fungicides, these strategies are not sufficient to protect plants against this pathogen. Defence elicitors can stimulate plant defence mechanisms through a phenomenon known as priming. Priming results in a faster and/or stronger expression of resistance upon pathogen recognition by the host. This work aims to study priming of a commercial formulation of the elicitor chitosan. Treatments with chitosan result in induced resistance in solanaceous and brassicaceous plants. In tomato plants, enhanced resistance has been linked with priming of callose deposition and accumulation of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA). Large-scale transcriptomic analysis revealed that chitosan primes gene expression at early time-points after infection. In addition, two novel tomato genes with a characteristic priming profile were identified, Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly-elicited protein 75 (ACRE75) and 180 (ACRE180). Transient and stable overexpression of ACRE75, ACRE180 and their Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, revealed that they are positive regulators of plant resistance against B. cinerea. This provides valuable information in the search for strategies to protect Solanaceae plants against B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Chitosan primes plant defence mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea, including expression of Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly-elicited genes

Authorea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel De Vega ◽  
Nicola Holden ◽  
Pete Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Estrella Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

scholarly journals Rapid screening of RNA silencing suppressors by using a recombinant virus derived from beet necrotic yellow vein virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2536-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guilley ◽  
D. Bortolamiol ◽  
G. Jonard ◽  
S. Bouzoubaa ◽  
V. Ziegler-Graff
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

To counteract plant defence mechanisms, plant viruses have evolved to encode RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) proteins. These proteins can be identified by a range of silencing suppressor assays. Here, we describe a simple method using beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) that allows a rapid screening of RSS activity. The viral inoculum consisted of BNYVV RNA1, which encodes proteins involved in viral replication, and two BNYVV-derived replicons: rep3–P30, which expresses the movement protein P30 of tobacco mosaic virus, and rep5–X, which allows the expression of a putative RSS (X). This approach has been validated through the use of several known RSSs. Two potential candidates have been tested and we show that, in our system, the P13 protein of burdock mottle virus displays RSS activity while the P0 protein of cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV does not.

scholarly journals Bać się czy się nie bać? Bioakumulacja, bioindykacja i toksyczność metali ciężkich Rośliny w świetle badań terenowych i laboratoryjnych

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-253
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

Heavy metals that pose a threat to the environment include lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and mercury (Hg). Biomonitoring of environmental quality using plants is widely accepted as a reliable and inexpensive way of obtaining information on contamination also by heavy metals. It allows the assessment of the direction of changes in the natural environment and development of prognoses and methods for early warning related to predicted transformations in ecosystems. This paper presents the results of field and laboratory studies on floristic biodiversity in the areas of southern Poland related to extraction and processing of Zn and Pb ores. The paper also shows the selected plant defence mechanisms against the excess of heavy metals and the results of bioindication studies using different plant species, including the selected metallophytes related to the assessment of contamination levels and the most frequently used plant ecophysiological parameters. It is necessary to monitor contamination level, popularize knowledge and take action at the level of local authorities to mitigate adverse effects of human activity, bearing in mind possible bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the food chain and the adverse health effects associated with environmental contamination.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Bacillus endophytic strains producers for non ribosomal lipopeptides NRLPs from tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Walaa Hussein ◽  
Ramadan WA ◽  
Sameh Fahim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are consid­ered one of the most important vegetable crops and infected by numbers of different diseases. Studying the use of biological alternatives, instead of chemical substances against plant diseases became necessary for the treatment by beneficial microorganisms endophytes, which can excrete natural products benefits to plant in reducing disease severity, promoting growth and inducing plant defence mechanisms. In this work, three endophytes strains were isolated from tomato stems and their 16srDNA have been found to belong to Bacillus species. The first strain was named BMG100, the second BMG101 and the third BMG102. Two Bacillus strains BMG100 and BMG101 have been found to harbour synthetases genes from three lipopeptides families; surfactin, plipastatin, and iturin (mycosubtilin) which can be detected by degenerated primers designed to detect the presence of synthetases genes encoding lipopeptides. The lipopeptides production was proved by their quantification using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), whereas BMG100 produced 105, 178 and 293 mg/L of plipastatin, mycosubtilin and surfactin, respectively, BMG101 produced 385 mg/L of surfactin and 236 mg/L of mycosubtilin, while BMG102 showed no lipopeptides production. Keywords: Tomato; Endophytic bacteria; Lipopeptides; Bacillus species

scholarly journals Plant Defence Mechanisms Are Modulated by the Circadian System

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Ghazala Rauf Butt ◽  
Zainab Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Matthew Alan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

Plant health is an important aspect of food security, with pathogens, pests, and herbivores all contributing to yield losses in crops. Plants’ defence against pathogens is complex and utilises several metabolic processes, including the circadian system, to coordinate their response. In this review, we examine how plants’ circadian rhythms contribute to defence mechanisms, particularly in response to bacterial pathogen attack. Circadian rhythms contribute to many aspects of the plant–pathogen interaction, although significant gaps in our understanding remain to be explored. We conclude that if these relationships are explored further, better disease management strategies could be revealed.

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