scholarly journals Stem hydraulic capacitance decreases with drought stress: implications for modelling tree hydraulics in the Mediterranean oakQuercus ilex

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto L Salomón ◽  
Jean-Marc Limousin ◽  
Jean-Marc Ourcival ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada ◽  
Kathy Steppe
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Hydraulic Capacitance ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress on Gas Exchange, Water Relations and Leaf Structure in Two Ornamental Shrubs in the Mediterranean Area

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tribulato ◽  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Virginia Di Lorenzo ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Plant Utilization ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Polygala Myrtifolia ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs

One of the main problems in the Mediterranean area is the long dry season, and hence there is a need to individuate plants that are tolerant to low water availability. The mechanisms adopted by different plant species to overcome drought stress conditions and reduce water loss could allow the identification of tolerant species to drought stress, thereby increasing the sustainability of ornamental plant utilization in green areas. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses of Polygala myrtifolia L. and Viburnum tinus L. ‘Lucidum’ irrigated under different irrigation deficits. In pot plants, four water regimes were adopted (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of water container capacity (WC)). Drought stress significantly reduced the biomass accumulation in both shrubs. In Viburnum, total dry biomass reduction was observed only in 10% WC with a reduction by 33%, while in Polygala, this was observed both in 20% WC and 10% WC (~48%). The higher deficit irrigation conditions improve the root-to-shoot ratio, which was increased in Polygala 20% WC (by 20%) but not in Viburnum ones. The latter species shows higher drought tolerance, as demonstrated by the gas exchange values, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf structure, and water relationship.

scholarly journals The olive tree: a paradigm for drought tolerance in Mediterranean climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 2811-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sofo ◽  
S. Manfreda ◽  
B. Dichio ◽  
M. Fiorentino ◽  
C. Xiloyannis
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is commonly grown in the Mediterranean basin where prolonged droughts may occur during the vegetative period. This species has developed a series of physiological mechanisms to tolerate drought stress and grow under adverse climatic conditions that can be observed in numerous plants of the Mediterranean macchia. These mechanisms have been investigated through an experimental campaign carried out over both irrigated and drought-stressed plants in order to comprehend the plant response under stressed conditions and its ability to recover. Experimental results show that olive plants subjected to water deficit lower the water content and water potentials of their tissues, establishing a particularly high potential gradient between leaves and roots, and stop canopy growth but not photosynthetic activity and transpiration. This allows the continuous production of assimilates as well as their accumulation in the various plant parts, so creating a higher root/leaf ratio if compared to well-watered plants. Active and passive osmotic adjustment due to the accumulation of sugars (in particular mannitol and glucose), proline and other osmolytes has a key role in maintaining cell turgor and leaf activities. At severe drought-stress levels, the non-stomatal component of photosynthesis is inhibited and a light-dependent inactivation of the photosystem II occurs. Finally, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of activated oxygen species and in other biochemical pathways, increase during a period of drought. The present paper provides an overview of the driving mechanisms adopted by olive trees to face drought stress with the aim of better understand plant-soil interactions.

scholarly journals The effect of drought stress on inbreeding depression in four populations of the Mediterranean outcrossing plant Crepis sancta (Asteraceae)

Heredity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Cheptou ◽  
AndrÉ Berger ◽  
Alain Blanchard ◽  
Christian Collin ◽  
JosÉ Escarre
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Crepis Sancta

Responses of Mediterranean-climate vegetation to drought and climate change across scales in California

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Dong ◽  
Glen MacDonald ◽  
Gregory Okin ◽  
Thomas Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>California's climate is projected to have more droughts and heatwaves in the future. A combination of heat and drought stress may significantly affect vegetation health of the Mediterranean ecosystems than drought stress alone. Based on multi-source remote sensing and surface data, we investigated the impacts of drought and climate change on the Mediterranean-climate vegetation of California at different scales, i.e. the entire state, southern California, and Los Angeles urban area. For entire California, we find that a hydroclimatic dipole regulated by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) intensifies the aridity in southern California compared to the north. At a regional scale of southern California, we utilized a bootstrapping regression model to analyze the geographical influences on the relationships between vegetation and drought. Results suggest a warmer climate can significantly increase vegetation sensitivity to drought. In addition, soil texture and elevation seem to also play an important role in adjusting the wildland vegetation susceptibility to drought. In the Los Angeles urban area, we find socioeconomic conditions is the decisive influence in intensifying or mitigating the vegetation response to water-scarce seasons and years. The projected hotter climate in the 21<sup>st </sup>century may reshape the future landscapes of the coupled human-natural system in California by exacerbating drought severity and duration, differentiating mortality, and increasing wildfires.</p>

scholarly journals Drought Resistance of Warm-season Turfgrasses Grown in Mediterranean Region of Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songul Severmutlu ◽  
Nedim Mutlu ◽  
Ercan Gurbuz ◽  
Osman Gulsen ◽  
Murat Hocagil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
The Mediterranean

There is a dearth of information about turfgrass drought resistance and adaptation in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turfgrass managers in this region need this information to help them make informed decisions regarding turfgrass selection and management. This research was conducted to assess the drought resistance of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) under Mediterranean conditions of Turkey. The study was conducted at two locations, Antalya and Mersin, and was repeated in 2006 and 2007 at both locations. One year after establishment, the turfs were subjected to drought stress for 90 days, which was followed by resumption of irrigation for recovery of the turf. Percentage leaf firing, turfgrass quality, and percent green shoot recovery were recorded. There were inter and intraspecies differences detected for percentage leaf firing and shoot recovery. Bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and buffalograss exhibited superior drought resistance as demonstrated by lower leaf firing and better shoot recovery values when compared with other species studied. Centipedegrass and zoysiagrass demonstrated a high leaf firing and very poor shoot recovery, whereas zoysiagrass and tall fescue were unable to recover from the drought stress in the sandy soil. Results showed that ‘SWI-1045’ (Contessa®) and ‘SWI-1044’ bermudagrass and ‘Cody’ buffalograss possessed superior drought resistance with acceptable turfgrass quality up to 30 days under drought stress that can be used for water-efficient turf management under the Mediterranean environment.

scholarly journals The olive tree: a paradigm for drought tolerance in Mediterranean climates

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sofo ◽  
S. Manfreda ◽  
M. Fiorentino ◽  
B. Dichio ◽  
C. Xiloyannis
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Olive Trees

Abstract. Olive trees (Olea europaea L.) are commonly grown in the Mediterranean basin where prolonged droughts may occur during the vegetative period. This species has developed a series of physiological mechanisms, that can be observed in several plants of the Mediterranean macchia, to tolerate drought stress and grow under adverse climatic conditions. These mechanisms have been investigated through an experimental campaign carried out over both irrigated and drought-stressed plants in order to comprehend the plant response under stressed conditions and its ability to recover. Experimental results show that olive plants subjected to water deficit lower the water content and water potentials of their tissues, establishing a particularly high potential gradient between leaves and roots, and stop canopy growth but not photosynthetic activity and transpiration. This allows the continuous production of assimilates as well as their accumulation in the various plant parts, so creating a higher root/leaf ratio if compared to well-watered plants. Active and passive osmotic adjustment due to the accumulation of carbohydrates (in particular mannitol and glucose), proline and other osmolytes have key roles in maintaining cell turgor and leaf activities. At severe drought-stress levels, the non-stomatal component of photosynthesis is inhibited and a light-dependent inactivation of the photosystem II occurs. Finally, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of activated oxygen species and in other biochemical pathways increase during a period of drought. The present paper provides an overview of the driving mechanisms adopted by olive trees to face drought stress with the aim of better understanding plant-soil interactions.

115 Heart failure mortality due to ischemic etiology: is it the same in the Mediterranean lifestyle?

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
M JIMENEZNAVARRO ◽  
J GOMEZDOBLAS ◽  
G GOMEZHERNANDEZ ◽  
A DOMINGUEZFRANCO ◽  
J GARCIAPINILLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
The Mediterranean
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