scholarly journals Improving adaptation to drought stress in white pea bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.): Genotypic effects on grain yield, yield components and pod harvest index

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Assefa ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao ◽  
Steven B. Cannon ◽  
Jixiang Wu ◽  
Zenbaba Gutema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Drought ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

Improving adaptation to drought stress in small red common bean: phenotypic differences and predicted genotypic effects on grain yield, yield components and harvest index

Euphytica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Assefa ◽  
Jixiang Wu ◽  
Stephen E. Beebe ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao ◽  
Daniele Marcomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Genotypic Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Drought

scholarly journals Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. RAO ◽  
S. E. BEEBE ◽  
J. POLANIA ◽  
M. GRAJALES ◽  
C. CAJIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wild Bean ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Impact of Livestock Manure, Nitrogen and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on Yield and Yield Components Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Esmailpour ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
A. Madani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Abstract Integrated nutrient management strategies involving chemical and biologic fertilizer is a real challenge to stop using the high rates of agrochemicals and to enhance sustainability of crop production. In order to study the effects of livestock manure, chemical nitrogen, and biologic (Azotobacter) fertilizers on yield and yield components of wheat, an agricultural experiment in the form of split factorial design with three replications was conducted in Elam region, Iran. The aim of this research was assessment of the effects of these fertilizers separately and in integrated forms; and setting out the best fertilizer mixture. The results showed that treatment with livestock manure, Azotobacter and chemical nitrogen increased plant height, biological and grain yield. Using livestock manure and Azotobacter increased biologic yield through increase in plant height which cause to increase in grain yield without any significant changes in harvest index and other yield components, but the use of chemical nitrogen caused an increase in plant height, No. of spikelete/spike, No. of grain/spike, one thousand grain weight and harvest index, biologic and grain yield. In the light of the results achieved, we may conclude that using livestock manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer together with the Azotobacter had the maximum impact on yield; and that we can decrease use of chemical fertilizers through using livestock manure and biologic fertilizers and to reach to the same yield when we use only chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Genetic Correlation Between Fe and Zn Biofortification and Yield Components in a Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Diaz ◽  
Jose Polania ◽  
Daniel Ariza-Suarez ◽  
Cesar Cajiao ◽  
Miguel Grajales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for direct human consumption worldwide. It is a rich and relatively inexpensive source of proteins and micronutrients, especially iron and zinc. Bean is a target for biofortification to develop new cultivars with high Fe/Zn levels that help to ameliorate malnutrition mainly in developing countries. A strong negative phenotypic correlation between Fe/Zn concentration and yield is usually reported, posing a significant challenge for breeders. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between Fe/Zn. We used Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) mapping and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analysis in three bi-parental populations that included biofortified parents, identifying genomic regions associated with yield and micromineral accumulation. Significant negative correlations were observed between agronomic traits (pod harvest index, PHI; pod number, PdN; seed number, SdN; 100 seed weight, 100SdW; and seed per pod, Sd/Pd) and micronutrient concentration traits (SdFe and SdZn), especially between pod harvest index (PHI) and SdFe and SdZn. PHI presented a higher correlation with SdN than PdN. Seventy-nine QTLs were identified for the three populations: 14 for SdFe, 12 for SdZn, 13 for PHI, 11 for SdN, 14 for PdN, 6 for 100SdW, and 9 for Sd/Pd. Twenty-three hotspot regions were identified in which several QTLs were co-located, of which 13 hotpots displayed QTL of opposite effect for yield components and Fe/Zn accumulation. In contrast, eight QTLs for SdFe and six QTLs for SdZn were observed that segregated independently of QTL of yield components. The selection of these QTLs will enable enhanced levels of Fe/Zn and will not affect the yield performance of new cultivars focused on biofortification.

scholarly journals The application of the multivariate analysis method for some traits in wheat under drought stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-417
Author(s):  
Seyed Mirtaheri ◽  
Farzad Paknejad ◽  
Marieh Behdad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stress Path ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Relationship

In order to evaluate the relationship between yield and some relevant traits and estimation of the most effective traits on grain yield, a split-plot experiment based on completely randomized block design with four replications was carried out in 2006-2007 in the research field of Islamic Azad University of Karaj. The irrigation schemes scheduled as main plots included the following: (T1) 40% moisture depletion throughout the growing season (control); (T2) 60% moisture depletion throughout the growing season; (T3) 80% moisture depletion throughout the growing season; (T4) no irrigation during the stem elongation stage and continuing with adequate irrigation to the end of the growing season; (T5) no irrigation from the stem elongation stage to the end of the growing season; (T6) no irrigation at flowering and continuing with adequate irrigation to the end of the growing season; (T7) no irrigation from flowering to the end of the growing season; and (T8) no irrigation from the milk stage to the end of the growing season; and 2 wheat cultivars [Marvdasht (V1), Chamran (V2)] as sub-plots. According to the results of simple correlation, the grain yield exhibited the most positive correlation with biomass (0.877), number of infertile spikelets (0.876) and harvest index (0.855). The results of step-wise regression showed that, in the absence of drought stress, biomass and harvest index had respectively the most important effects on the grain yield but both exhibited different results under drought stress. Path analysis results showed that the most important effect on the grain yield in the total tested treatments was related to the biomass, justifying a total of 87% of grain yield variations, 72% of which is the direct effect of this trait on grain yield.

Influence of nipping and foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of chickpea in rain-fed condition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqtidar Hussain ◽  
Sheryar . ◽  
Hafiz Bashir Ahmad ◽  
Iqbal Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

Although,chickpea isnitrogen fixing crop but water scarcity under rain-fed condition reduces its nodulation process severely and nutrients use efficiency too. An experiment was carried out regarding the combined effect of nipping as well as foliar applied fertilizers on yield and yield components of chickpea under rain-fed conditions. Nipping and foliar application of nutrients significantly improved number of pods plant-1, biological yield (kg ha-1), harvest index (%) and final grain yield (kg ha-1). However, non-significant influence was seen in 1000-grain weight and number of grains pod-1. Foliar application of N PK (20:20:20) @2.5 kg ha-1 × nipping was found to be the best interaction among others which significantly increased number of branches plant-1 (11.30), number of pods plant-1(115.36), plant height(59.48cm) and grain yield(2338.9 kg ha-1) as compared to the control treatment. Nipping along with foliar application of NPKcan be practiced in chickpea for higher profitability.

DROUGHT STRESS EFFECTS ON THE GRAIN YIELD AND PANICLE DEVELOPMENT OF SORGHUM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO MANJARREZ-SANDOVAL ◽  
VÍCTOR A. GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
LEOPOLDO E. MENDOZA-ONOFRE ◽  
E. M. ENGLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Many studies have reported responses to drought stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) but little is known about its effects on panicle development. To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire life cycle. In each stress treatment, water was withheld until half of the plants remained wilted at sunrise. Effects on panicle development were also studied. Single sorghum plants were grown in pots containing a 3:1 soil (Typic Argiustoll)-sand mixture in a polyethylene greenhouse at Chapingo, Mexico. Drought stress during microsporogenesis destroyed the whole panicle. Prior to this stage, drought produced abortion of the panicle-branch primordia, and a reduction of 25–55% in the number of grains per mature panicle. Later drought stress periods did not reduce the number of grains per panicle, but reduced individual grain weight by as much as 50%. Consequently, the yield was reduced by drought stress periods at all stages of panicle development before physiological maturity. Furthermore, drought stress before anthesis slowed the subsequent developmental rate of the panicle; drought stress after anthesis accelerated it. The proportion of fertile pollen grains remained above 90% in all drought stress periods. It is concluded that microsporogenesis and the milk dough stage are the most sensitive stages of sorghum panicle development to water deficits.Key words: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, grain sorghum, yield components, pollen sterility, sorghum cold-tolerance, microsporogenesis

scholarly journals Effect of Heat and Drought Stress on Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor). II. Grain Yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd ◽  
J. M. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
Early Late

SummaryThree early and four later flowering lines of sorghum were subjected to three drought stress treatments (early, late and early plus late stress) in the field during the dry season at Hyderabad in India. Mean diurnal temperature and evaporation rate were uniformly high throughout the experiment. The late and early plus late stress conditions were severe, while the early stress was mild.Grain yield was affected by both the timing and the severity of the stress. The largest reduction (87%) in grain yield resulted from stress imposed during booting and flowering (late stress) in the early flowering lines; the same stress treatment on vegetative plants had no effect on grain yield. Increasing the duration of severe stress on vegetative plants (early plus late stress) reduced grain yield by 50–60%.Grain yield was strongly and positively correlated with the number of grains m-2. Variation in grain yield was associated with variation in total dry matter rather than with harvest index, which was only reduced when stress occurred at flowering. Treatment effects on thermal growth rates (g m-2 °Cd-1) during the phase from booting to flowering confirmed that growth during this phase is the major determinant of yield potential (number of grains). The importance of phonology in research into drought resistance is discussed.

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