scholarly journals Wheat FRIZZY PANICLE Activates VERNALIZATION1‐A and HOMEOBOX4‐A to Regulate Spike Development in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongpeng Li ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Meicheng Zhao ◽  
Lin Guo ◽  
Xinxin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spike Development

scholarly journals A Distorted Circadian Clock Causes Early Flowering and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Spike Development in the Eps-3Am Mutant of Einkorn Wheat

Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gawroński ◽  
Ruvini Ariyadasa ◽  
Axel Himmelbach ◽  
Naser Poursarebani ◽  
Benjamin Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Spike Development

scholarly journals Identification of the Q Gene Playing a Role in Spike Morphology Variation in Wheat Mutants and Its Regulatory Network

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazi Zhang ◽  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Yuting Li ◽  
Xiaomei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Spike Morphology ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Q Gene

The wheat AP2 family gene Q controls domestication traits, including spike morphology and threshability, which are critical for the widespread cultivation and yield improvement of wheat. Although many studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of the Q gene, its direct target genes, especially those controlling spike morphology, are not clear, and its regulatory pathways are not well established. In this study, we conducted gene mapping of a wheat speltoid spike mutant and found that a new allele of the Q gene with protein truncation played a role in spike morphology variation in the mutant. Dynamic expression levels of the Q gene throughout the spike development process suggested that the transcript abundances of the mutant were decreased at the W6 and W7 scales compared to those of the WT. We identified several mutation sites on the Q gene and showed that mutations in different domains resulted in distinct phenotypes. In addition, we found that the Q gene produced three transcripts via alternative splicing and that they exhibited differential expression patterns in nodes, internodes, flag leaves, and spikes. Finally, we identified several target genes directly downstream of Q, including TaGRF1-2D and TaMGD-6B, and proposed a possible regulatory network. This study uncovered the target genes of Q, and the results can help to clarify the mechanism of wheat spike morphology and thereby improve wheat grain yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing during Spike Development on Yield of Winter Wheat Cultivars Early Sown in Yamaguchi

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Takahashi ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Tomohiko Mastuzawa ◽  
Kana Fujimoto ◽  
Shinji Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1433-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pearce ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky
Keyword(s):  
Spike Development ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Wheat Spike

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of pre-anthesis sub-phase durations during the reproductive spike development of wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifeng Guo ◽  
Dijun Chen ◽  
Marion S. Röder ◽  
Martin W. Ganal ◽  
Thorsten Schnurbusch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Spike Development

scholarly journals Auxins Regulations of Branched Spike Development and Expression of TFL, a LEAFY-Like Gene in Branched Spike Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Wang Yue ◽  
Sun Fulai ◽  
Gao Qingrong ◽  
Zhang Yanxia ◽  
Wang Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Branched Spike ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Putative Homologue

Branched spike wheat is a hexaploid germplasm with branched rachis on its main rachises, and the crucial period for branched rachises occurrence and development is just after the two ridges stage of shoot apex. Natural [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3butyric acid (IBA)] and synthetic [(1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)] auxins were applied at this period to investigate the spike traits, seedling growth and photosynthesis related characters and expression of a putative homologue of the LEAFY in branched spike wheat. The four types of experienced auxins induced similar effects on these foresaid characters, although the impact extents were different among the auxins treatments. More branched rachis, spikelets, fertile florets and longer branched rachis were obtained in plants with IAA and IBA at 0.1 mM or NAA and 2,4-D at 1.0mM than those plants with no auxin treated. Auxin treatments also increased fresh and dry mass, photosynthetic pigment and parameters. TFL, a LEAFY-like gene was cloned in branched spike wheat and TFL mRNA expression was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Application of the auxins accelerated the rise in TFL expression during the periods of branched rachises occurrence and extension. The data supports the hypothesis that auxins play a central role in the regulation branched spike development and TFL might correlate with the development of branched rachises in branched spike wheat.

scholarly journals Ppd-H1 integrates drought stress signals to control spike development and flowering time in barley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Gol ◽  
Einar B Haraldsson ◽  
Maria von Korff
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Stress Signals

Abstract Drought impairs growth and spike development, and is therefore a major cause of yield losses in the temperate cereals barley and wheat. Here, we show that the photoperiod response gene PHOTOPERIOD-H1 (Ppd-H1) interacts with drought stress signals to modulate spike development. We tested the effects of a continuous mild and a transient severe drought stress on developmental timing and spike development in spring barley cultivars with a natural mutation in ppd-H1 and derived introgression lines carrying the wild-type Ppd-H1 allele from wild barley. Mild drought reduced the spikelet number and delayed floral development in spring cultivars but not in the introgression lines with a wild-type Ppd-H1 allele. Similarly, drought-triggered reductions in plant height, and tiller and spike number were more pronounced in the parental lines compared with the introgression lines. Transient severe stress halted growth and floral development; upon rewatering, introgression lines, but not the spring cultivars, accelerated development so that control and stressed plants flowered almost simultaneously. These genetic differences in development were correlated with a differential down-regulation of the flowering promotors FLOWERING LOCUS T1 and the BARLEY MADS-box genes BM3 and BM8. Our findings therefore demonstrate that Ppd-H1 affects developmental plasticity in response to drought in barley.

Pre-maturity gradients in shoot size and in number and size of florets for spring barley treated with mepiquat chloride

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
Phyllis Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Shoot Size

SummaryEffects of mepiquat chloride on gradients of shoot growth within spring barley plants (cv. Koru) were determined in two small-scale field experiments. Mepiquat chloride was applied at either the lemma primordium stage or the late carpel primordium stage of spike development in the main shoot. The shoot dry weight, stem length, spike length, number and size of florets and floret developmental score were measured for all shoots, over the period from the lemma primordium stage of main shoot spike development to the late milk stage of grain development.Lemma primordium mepiquat chloride increased the size and developmental score of later-formed shorter shoots pre-anthesis while delaying the spike development of the main shoot and other longer shoots by up to 4 days. The overall effect was to produce plants with a reduced range of shoot and spike sizes from the end of floret initiation in the main shoot until maturity. In addition, there was a slight increase in the number of shoots per plant in both experiments. Gradients of carpel development and carpel width along the spike were reduced in all treated spikes by the time of floret abortion in the main shoot but the effects were more noticeable in shorter shoots. The number of florets initiated per plant was increased by 21–22%. All shoots contributed to the larger number of florets but again the major additions came from the shorter shoots. The few extra florets initiated in longer shoots were lost during abortion of distal florets while the 2–5 extra florets on shorter shoots were retained to give extra grains at maturity.Application of mepiquat chloride at the late carpel primordium stage had little effect on gradients of spike size or on number, size and development of florets.

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