scholarly journals Chimeric 3’ flanking regions strongly enhance gene expression in plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1971-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Diamos ◽  
Hugh S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enhance Gene Expression ◽  
Flanking Regions

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Redox-Regulated Cutinase Gene, MfCUT1, Increases Virulence of the Brown Rot Pathogen Monilinia fructicola on Prunus spp.

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miin-Huey Lee ◽  
Chiu-Min Chiu ◽  
Tatiana Roubtsova ◽  
Chien-Ming Chou ◽  
Richard M. Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gus Expression ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Prunus Spp

A 4.5-kb genomic DNA containing a Monilinia fructicola cutinase gene, MfCUT1, and its flanking regions were isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic MfCUT1 carries a 63-bp intron and a promoter region with several transcription factor binding sites that may confer redox regulation of MfCUT1 expression. Redox regulation is indicated by the effect of antioxidants, shown previously to inhibit MfCUT1 gene expression in cutin-induced cultures, and in the present study, where H2O2 enhanced MfCUT1 gene expression. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (gusA) was fused to MfCUT1 under the control of the MfCUT1 promoter, and this construct was then used to generate an MfCUT1-GUS strain by Agrobacterium spp.-mediated transformation. The appearance of GUS activity in response to cutin and suppression of GUS activity by glucose in cutinase-inducing medium verified that the MfCUT1-GUS fusion protein was expressed correctly under the control of the MfCUT1 promoter. MfCUT1-GUS expression was detected following inoculation of peach and apple fruit, peach flower petals, and onion epidermis, and during brown rot symptom development on nectarine fruit at a relatively late stage of infection (24 h postinoculation). However, semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction provided sensitive detection of MfCUT1 expression within 5 h of inoculation in both almond and peach petals. MfCUT1-GUS transformants expressed MfCUT1 transcripts at twice the level as the wild type and caused more severe symptoms on Prunus flower petals, consistent with MfCUT1 contributing to the virulence of M. fructicola.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials Enhanced Gene Expression in Yeast Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Fang Chien ◽  
Shi-Hui Chen ◽  
Chhiu-Tsu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Yeast Chromosome ◽  
Single Protein ◽  
Enhance Gene Expression ◽  
Metal Nanomaterials

Metal nanomaterials are shown to enhance gene expression for rice -galactosidase gene (-Gal) in yeast cells. Au and Ag nanoparticles and their nanocomposites, silica-Au and silica-Ag, were prepared and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM technique. The rice -galactosidase gene was cloned into the yeast chromosome, where the cloned cells were precultured and induced into a medium containing each of the testing nanomaterials. The nanomaterials were observed to incorporate inside the cells, and no cell death has been detected during the course of gene expression. The enzyme activity was determined by a synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl--D-galctopyranoside, and the yellow product yield was recorded in a spectrophotometer at 400 nm. When Au and Ag nanoparticles were incorporated with the culture, a 3–5 fold enhancement in -galactosidase was observed for intracellular activity as well as the secreted activity into the medium. The secreted protein was analyzed to have a pure form and displayed as a single protein band in the SDS-gel electrophoresis. The effects of size and chemical nature of nanomaterials on gene expression for the rice -galactosidase gene in yeast cells are discussed.

Electrospun poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone)–collagen–chitosan vascular graft in a canine femoral artery model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (28) ◽  
pp. 5760-5768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wu ◽  
Bojie Jiang ◽  
Yuanfei Wang ◽  
Anlin Yin ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Patency Rate ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Enhance Gene Expression

(P(LLA-CL)–COL–CS) composite vascular grafts could effectively improve patency rate, promote tissue regeneration, and enhance gene expression.

High levels of ripening-specific reporter gene expression directed by tomato fruit polygalacturonase gene-flanking regions

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona J. Nicholass ◽  
Christopher J.S. Smith ◽  
Wolfgang Schuch ◽  
Colin R. Bird ◽  
Donald Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Reporter Gene Expression ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Polygalacturonase Gene

scholarly journals Evolution of lineage-specific functions in ancient cis -regulatory modules

Open Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 150079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pauls ◽  
Debbie K. Goode ◽  
Libero Petrone ◽  
Paola Oliveri ◽  
Greg Elgar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Regulatory Modules ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Conserved Core ◽  
Flanking Regions

Morphological evolution is driven both by coding sequence variation and by changes in regulatory sequences. However, how cis -regulatory modules (CRMs) evolve to generate entirely novel expression domains is largely unknown. Here, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of a lens enhancer located within a CRM that not only predates the lens, a vertebrate innovation, but bilaterian animals in general. Alignments of orthologous sequences from different deuterostomes sub-divide the CRM into a deeply conserved core and a more divergent flanking region. We demonstrate that all deuterostome flanking regions, including invertebrate sequences, activate gene expression in the zebrafish lens through the same ancient cluster of activator sites. However, levels of gene expression vary between species due to the presence of repressor motifs in flanking region and core. These repressor motifs are responsible for the relatively weak enhancer activity of tetrapod flanking regions. Ray-finned fish, however, have gained two additional lineage-specific activator motifs which in combination with the ancient cluster of activators and the core constitute a potent lens enhancer. The exploitation and modification of existing regulatory potential in flanking regions but not in the highly conserved core might represent a more general model for the emergence of novel regulatory functions in complex CRMs.

The application of powerful promoters to enhance gene expression in industrial microorganisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghu Zhou ◽  
Guocheng Du ◽  
Zhen Kang ◽  
Jianghua Li ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enhance Gene Expression

scholarly journals Bimodal sequence composition underlies functional duality of transcribed enhancers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Flores ◽  
Ivan Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Helix Formation ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Triple Helix Formation ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Flanking Regions

Abstract Background:Recent studies have drawn attention to transcribed enhancers (trEs) as important regulatory elements of gene expression; however, their characteristics and mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Results:We profiled the characteristics of trEs and obtained insights into their mechanisms of action. We found that trEs harbor functional duality related to bimodal sequence composition. TrEs are composed of nonoverlapping cores and flanking regions (flanks): cores function as regular enhancers, while flanks transcribe enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) that can potentially regulate the expression of their target genes in trans. Cores are evolutionarily conserved and compact, while flanks are significantly longer. We observed that approximately 25% of eRNAs transcribed from the flanks likely contribute to trans DNA:RNA triple helix formation, while another 10% likely employ classical mechanisms of RNA-based regulation. We found that the majority of human enhancers are not transcribed, and trEs are strikingly different from regular enhancers in their functional characteristics. In addition, we found evidence for trEs exhibiting functional duality in regulatory locus encapsulation (RLE), effectively providing localized control over the spread of gene expression upregulation by trE cores and other locus enhancers. Conclusions:In summary, our results advocate for enhancer transcription being an uncommon mechanism of gene regulation, and the duality of transcribed enhancer function being a product of additive, not overlapping, DNA sequence encryption.

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