The Use of Analgesic and Other Pain-Relief Drugs to Manage Chronic Low Back Pain: Results from a National Survey

Pain Practice ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélia Gouveia ◽  
Ana Rodrigues ◽  
Sofia Ramiro ◽  
Mónica Eusébio ◽  
Pedro M. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Low Back

SAT0525 The Use of Analgesic and Other Pain Relief Drugs To Manage Chronic Low Back Pain – Results from A National Survey: Table 1.

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 859.2-859
Author(s):  
N. Gouveia ◽  
A. Rodrigues ◽  
S. Ramiro ◽  
M. Eusébio ◽  
P.M. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Low Back

scholarly journals Lumbar Facet Joint Nerve Blocks in Managing Chronic Facet Joint Pain: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial: Clinical Trial NCT00355914

2008 ◽  
Vol 2;11 (3;2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Laxmaiah Manchikanti
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Facet Joint ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Lumbar Facet

Background: Lumbar facet joints have been implicated as the source of chronic pain in 15% to 45% of patients with chronic low back pain. Various therapeutic techniques including intraarticular injections, medial branch blocks, and radiofrequency neurotomy of lumbar facet joint nerves have been described in the alleviation of chronic low back pain of facet joint origin. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic local anesthetic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks with or without steroid in managing chronic function-limiting low back pain of facet joint origin. Design: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Setting: An interventional pain management setting in the United States. Methods: This study included 60 patients in Group I with local anesthetic and 60 patients in Group II with local anesthetic and steroid. The inclusion criteria was based on the positive response to the diagnostic controlled comparative local anesthetic lumbar facet joint blocks. Outcome measures: Numeric pain scores, Oswestry Disability Index, opioid intake, and work status. All outcome assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: Significant improvement with significant pain relief (> 50%) and functional improvement (> 40%) were observed in 82% and 85% in Group I, with significant pain relief in over 82% of the patients and improvement in functional status in 78% of the patients. Based on the results of the present study, it appears that patients may experience significant pain relief 44 to 45 weeks of 1 year, requiring approximately 3 to 4 treatments with an average relief of 15 weeks per episode of treatment. Conclusion: Therapeutic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks, with or without steroid, may provide a management option for chronic function-limiting low back pain of facet joint origin. Key words: Chronic low back pain, lumbar facet or zygapophysial joint pain, facet joint nerve or medial branch blocks, comparative controlled local anesthetic blocks, therapeutic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks

scholarly journals An Update of the Systematic Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Lumbar Facet Joint Nerve Blocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 6;15 (6;12) ◽  
pp. E869-E907
Author(s):  
Frank J.E. Falco
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Facet Joint ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Lumbar Facet

Background: Lumbar facet joints are a well recognized source of low back pain and referred pain in the lower extremity in patients with chronic low back pain. Conventional clinical features and other non-invasive diagnostic modalities are unreliable in diagnosing lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. Controlled diagnostic studies with at least 80% pain relief as the criterion standard have shown the prevalence of lumbar facet joint pain to be 16% to 41% of patients with chronic low back pain without disc displacement or radiculitis, with a false-positive rate of 17% to 49% with a single diagnostic block. Study Design: A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar facet joint nerve blocks. Objective: To determine and update the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar facet joint nerve blocks in the assessment of chronic low back pain. Methods: A methodological quality assessment of included studies was performed using Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL). Only diagnostic accuracy studies meeting at least 50% of the designated inclusion criteria were utilized for analysis. Studies scoring less than 50% are presented descriptively and analyzed critically. The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, and limited or poor based on the quality of evidence developed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to June 2012, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. Outcome Measures: Studies must have been performed utilizing controlled local anesthetic blocks. Pain relief was categorized as at least 50% pain relief from baseline pain and the ability to perform previously painful movements. Results: A total of 25 diagnostic accuracy studies were included. Of these, one study evaluated 50% to 74% relief as criterion standard with a single block with prevalence of 48%, 4 studies evaluated 75% to 100% relief as the criterion standard with a single block with a prevalence of 31% to 61%, 5 studies evaluated 50% to 74% relief as the criterion standard with controlled blocks with a prevalence of 15% to 61%, and 13 studies evaluated 75% to 100% relief as the criterion standard with controlled blocks with a prevalence of 25% to 45% in heterogenous populations. False-positive rates ranged from 17% to 66% in the 50% to 74% pain relief group and 27% to 49% with at least 75% relief as the criterion standard. Based on this evaluation, the evidence showed that there is good evidence for diagnostic facet joint nerve blocks with 75% to 100% pain relief as the criterion standard with dual blocks and fair evidence with 50% to 74% pain relief as the criterion standard with controlled diagnostic blocks; however, the evidence is poor with single diagnostic blocks of 50% to 74%, and limited for 75% or more pain relief as the criterion standard. Limitations: The shortcomings of this systematic review of the accuracy of diagnostic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks include a paucity of literature and continued debate on an appropriate gold standard. Conclusion: There is good evidence for diagnostic facet joint nerve blocks with 75% to 100% pain relief as the criterion standard with dual blocks, with fair evidence with 50% to 74% pain relief. Key words: Chronic low back pain, lumbar facet or zygapophysial joint pain, facet joint nerve blocks, medial branch blocks, controlled comparative local anesthetic blocks

scholarly journals Endogenous Opioid Inhibition of Chronic Low-Back Pain Influences Degree of Back Pain Relief After Morphine Administration

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bruehl ◽  
John W. Burns ◽  
Rajnish Gupta ◽  
Asokumar Buvanendran ◽  
Melissa Chont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Morphine Administration

scholarly journals Moderators of the effect of spinal manipulative therapy on pain relief and function in patients with chronic low back pain

Spine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie de Zoete ◽  
Michiel R. de Boer ◽  
Sidney M. Rubinstein ◽  
Maurits W. van Tulder ◽  
Martin Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Spinal Manipulative Therapy ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Manipulative Therapy ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Frequency-Specific Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Oscillations Associated With Pain Relief From Ankle Acupuncture in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anfeng Xiang ◽  
Meiyu Chen ◽  
Chuan Qin ◽  
Jun Rong ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Acupuncture Analgesia ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Functional Changes

Objective: Recent advances in brain imaging have deepened our knowledge of the neural activity in distinct brain areas associated with acupuncture analgesia. However, there has not been conclusive research into the frequency-specific resting-state functional changes associated with acupuncture analgesia in patients with chronic pain. Here, we aimed to characterize changes across multiple frequencies of resting-state cortical activity associated with ankle acupuncture stimulation (AAS) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy controls.Methods: Twenty seven patients with CLBP and Twenty five age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Participants received tactile sham acupuncture (TSA) and AAS, respectively. The whole-brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the range 0.01–0.25 Hz was assessed for changes associated with each intervention. Further, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to collect subjective measures of pain intensity in patients. Linear mixed-effect modeling (LME) was used to examine the mean ALFF values of AAS and TSA between patients and healthy controls.Results: The ALFF was modulated in the default mode network (an increase in the medial prefrontal cortex, and a decrease in the cerebellum/posterior ingulate/parahippocampus, P < 0.01, corrected) in both patients and controls. Decreased ALFF in the bilateral insular was frequency-dependent. Modulations in the cerebellum and right insular were significantly correlated with VAS pain score after AAS (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Hence, frequency-specific resting-state activity in the cerebellum and insular was correlated to AAS analgesia. Our frequency-specific analysis of ALFF may provide novel insights related to pain relief from acupuncture.

Preliminary Results of a Randomized, Equivalence Trial of Fluoroscopic Caudal Epidural Injections in Managing Chronic Low Back Pain: Part 3 – Post Surgery Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 6;11 (12;6) ◽  
pp. 817-831
Author(s):  
Laxmaiah Manchikanti
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lumbar Surgery ◽  
Epidural Injections ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Pain ◽  
Caudal Epidural

Background: Post surgery syndrome resulting in persistent pain following lumbar spine surgery is common. Speculated causes of post lumbar surgery syndrome include stenosis, degeneration of adjacent segments, internal disc disruption, recurrent disc herniation, retained disc fragment, epidural or intraneural fibrosis, radiculopathy, and various other causes. Epidural injections are most commonly used in post surgery syndrome. There is lack of evidence for the effectiveness of epidural injections in managing chronic low back pain with or without lower extremity pain secondary to post surgery syndrome. Study Design: A randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial. Setting: An interventional pain management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of caudal epidural injections in patients with chronic low back and lower extremity pain after surgical intervention with post lumbar surgery syndrome. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups; Group I patients received caudal epidural injections with local anesthetic (lidocaine 0.5%), whereas Group II patients received caudal epidural injections with 0.5% lidocaine 9 mL mixed with 1 mL of 6 mg non-particulate Celestone. Randomization was performed by computer-generated random allocation sequence by simple randomization. Outcomes Assessment: Multiple outcome measures were utilized which included the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status, and opioid intake with assessment at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment. Significant pain relief was described as 50% or more, whereas significant improvement in the disability score was defined as a reduction of 40% or more. Results: Significant pain relief (≥ 50%) was recorded in 60% to 70% of the patients with no significant differences noted with or without steroid over a period of one-year. In addition, functional assessment measured by the ODI also showed significant improvement with at least 40% reduction in Oswestry scores in 40% to 55% of the patients. The average procedures per year were 3.4 with an average total relief per year of 31.7 ± 19.10 weeks in Group I and 26.2 ± 18.34 weeks in Group II over a period of 52 weeks. Limitations: The results of this study are limited by the lack of a placebo group and the preliminary report size of only 20 patients in each group. Conclusion: Caudal epidural injections in chronic function-limiting low back pain in post surgery syndrome without facet joint pain demonstrated effectiveness with over 55% of the patients showing improvement in functional status with significant pain relief in 60% to 70%. Key words: Post lumbar surgery syndrome, post lumbar laminectomy syndrome, chronic low back pain, epidural adhesions, epidural steroid injections, epidural fibrosis, recurrent disc herniation, spinal stenosis

Severe chronic low back pain: patient journey from onset of symptoms to strong opioid treatments in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Morlion ◽  
Gabriele Finco ◽  
Dominic Aldington ◽  
Michael Überall ◽  
Ravi Karra
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
Multimodal Management

Aim: We report the first patient roadmap in severe chronic low back pain (cLBP) in Europe, assessing the views of cLBP patients and general practitioners (GPs) who treat cLBP with regard to current cLBP management. Methodology: Patient journey mapping was conducted in four European countries to assess the views of cLBP patients (n = 20) and GPs (n = 40). Results: Four broad phases of cLBP, subdivided into eight individual steps, were identified as part of the patient journey, showing a disconnect between patients’ and physicians’ treatment goals, and expectations regarding pain relief levels for some patients. Conclusion: Improved communication, with greater involvement of patients in multimodal management decisions, might benefit the GP–patient relationship and overall outcomes for cLBP patients.

Extended-release tramadol (tramadol ER) in the treatment of chronic low back pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Vorsanger, PhD, MD ◽  
Jim Xiang, PhD ◽  
Theophilus J. Gana, MD, PhD ◽  
Maria Luz G. Pascual, MD, MPH ◽  
R. Rosanna B. Fleming, MS
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
To Receive

Background: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of tramadol ER 300 mg and 200 mg versus placebo once daily in the treatment of chronic low back pain, using an open-label run-in followed by, without washout, a randomized controlled study design.Methods: Adults with scores ≥40 on a pain intensity visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no pain; 100 = extreme pain) received open-label tramadol ER, initiated at 100 mg once daily and titrated to 300 mg once daily during a three-week open-label run-in. Patients completing run-in were randomized to receive tramadol ER 300 mg, 200 mg, or placebo once daily for 12 weeks.Results: Of 619 patients enrolled, 233 (38 percent) withdrew from the run-in, primarily because of adverse event (n = 128) or lack of efficacy (n = 41). A total of 386 patients were then randomized to receive either 300 mg (n = 128), 200 mg (n = 129), or placebo (n = 129). Following randomization, mean scores for pain intensity VAS since the previous visit, averaged over the 12-week study period, increased more in the placebo group (12.2 mm) than in the tramadol ER 300-mg (5.2 mm, p = 0.009) and 200-mg (7.8 mm, p = 0.052) groups. Secondary efficacy scores for current pain intensity VAS, patient global assessment, Roland Disability Index, and overall sleep quality improved significantly (p ≤ 0.029 each) in the tramadol ER groups compared with placebo. The most common adverse events during the double-blind period were nausea, constipation, headache, dizziness, insomnia, and diarrhea.Conclusions: In patients who tolerated and obtained pain relief from tramadol ER, continuation of tramadol ER treatment for 12 weeks maintained pain relief more effectively than placebo. Adverse events were similar to those previously reported for tramadol ER.

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