Assessing optimal colour and illumination to facilitate reading: an analysis of print size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Morrice ◽  
Caitlin Murphy ◽  
Vanessa Soldano ◽  
Cynthia Addona ◽  
Walter Wittich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Print Size

scholarly journals Differences in Graphomotor Skills by the Writing Medium and Children’s Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Boram No ◽  
Naya Choi
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Writing Practice ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Factors of graphomotor skills may serve as indicators to determine a writer’s handwriting proficiency or acclimation to different writing surface textures. This study examines differences in children’s graphomotor skills based on types of writing medium and gender. Participants were 97 six-year-old Korean preschool children who had not received formal writing training prior to the study. Writing tasks were completed on a tablet screen and paper. Writing samples were analyzed using the Eye and Pen software to investigate spatial, temporal, and pressure exertion exhibited during the writing tasks. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed differences in graphomotor skills such as print size, writing speed, and writing pressure. Writing on a tablet screen decreased clarity of writing; print size and speed increased as the stylus slides across the tablet surface with relatively less friction, thereby decreasing the exertion of writing pressure. Analysis of writing differences according to gender indicated that boys generated larger print sizes than girls. Results suggest that while simple writing tasks may be feasible on the tablet screen, providing children with a larger writing medium and encouraging larger print sizes for writing practice, especially for boys, may be beneficial in the development of graphomotor skills among young learners.

Relative-size Magnification versus Relative-distance Magnification: Effect on the Reading Performance of Adults with Normal and Low Vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lovie-Kitchin ◽  
Steve Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Optical Correction ◽  
Character Size ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Reading Distance ◽  
Magnification Effect

In the study reported here, the effect of character size on the reading rates of adults with normal and low vision was measured using both relative-size magnification (by which the print size is increased) and relative-distance magnification (by which the reading distance is decreased with appropriate optical correction). With relative-distance magnification, the reading rates of the subjects with normal vision were slower at close distances, but the results were small and inconsistent. For the subjects with low vision, the magnification method did not affect their reading rates.

scholarly journals Reconciling print-size and display-size constraints on reading

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (48) ◽  
pp. 30276-30284
Author(s):  
Nilsu Atilgan ◽  
Ying-Zi Xiong ◽  
Gordon E. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Display Size ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Dual Constraints ◽  
Digital Formats ◽  
Print Size

Two fundamental constraints limit the number of characters in text that can be displayed at one time—print size and display size. These dual constraints conflict in two important situations—when people with normal vision read text on small digital displays, and when people with low vision read magnified text. Here, we describe a unified framework for evaluating the joint impact of these constraints on reading performance. We measured reading speed as a function of print size for three digital formats (laptop, tablet, and cellphone) for 30 normally sighted and 10 low-vision participants. Our results showed that a minimum number of characters per line is required to achieve a criterion of 80% of maximum reading speed: 13 characters for normally sighted and eight characters for low-vision readers. This critical number of characters is nearly constant across font and display format. Possible reasons for this required number of characters are discussed. Combining these character count constraints with the requirements for adequate print size reveals that an individual’s use of a small digital display or the need for magnified print can shrink or entirely eliminate the range of print size necessary for achieving maximum reading speed.

(LV-130)PRINT SIZE REQUIREMENTS AND READING FOR STUDENTS WITH LOW VISION

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Mon Tuan ◽  
Robert B. Greer ◽  
Amanda H. Lueck ◽  
Ian L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Print Size

PRINT SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CONSUMER PRODUCT LABELS

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Sonya M. Braudway ◽  
Robert W. Massof
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Product ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Print Size

scholarly journals Psychophysics of reading. XVIII. The effect of print size on reading speed in normal peripheral vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (19) ◽  
pp. 2949-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T.L. Chung ◽  
J.Stephen Mansfield ◽  
Gordon E. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Print Size

scholarly journals An analysis of print sizes of South African newspapers in relation to prescription of reading devices for low vision patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Oduntan
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Reading Device ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Experience Difficulty ◽  
Reading Aids

One  of  the  aspirations  of  many  low  vision patients is to read newspapers. Many low vision practitioners  use  1M  print  (Snellen  equivalent 6/15 at 40 cm or 6/24 at 25 cm) as the bench-mark for prescribing low vision optical devices for patients who wish to read newspapers. There are certain sections of the newspapers, however, with print sizes that are smaller than 1M, there-fore prescriptions based on 1M print size may present difficulties to the patient. The purpose of this study was to measure the smallest print sizes of  selected  sections  of  South African  newspa-pers. Based on the print size values, advice could be provided for effective prescription of reading devices for low vision patients whose desire is to read all or specific sections of newspapers.  Print  sizes  in  eight  sections  of  38  South African newspapers were measured using a 7x measuring magnifier with graticle. The smallest print sizes in the various sections of the newspa-pers ranged from 0.6 mm or 0.4M  (6/9.5 at 25 cm or 6/6 at 40 cm) to 1.9 mm or 1.3M (6/30 at 25cm or 6/20 at 40 cm). The mean sizes of the various sections of the newspapers ranged from 0.7  ±  0.18M  for  the  advert  section  to  1.12  ± 0.07M in the news section.  Reading device magnification established by using 1M print size as benchmark for prescrib-ing reading aids for low vision patients may not afford  the  visual  capability  needed  to  read  all sections of a newspaper. Such patients, thus may experience difficulty when reading certain sec-tions of newspapers. There is therefore, a need for  low  vision  practitioners  to  have  a  specific knowledge of the print sizes of the section of newspapers  that  the  patient  wants  to  read  and prescribe for them accordingly.

scholarly journals Simulating Visibility and Reading Performance in Low Vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Zi Xiong ◽  
Quan Lei ◽  
Aurélie Calabrèse ◽  
Gordon E. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
Reading Acuity ◽  
Vision Simulation ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Better Than

PurposeLow vision reduces text visibility and causes difficulties in reading. A valid low-vision simulation could be used to evaluate the accessibility of digital text for readers with low vision. We examined the validity of a digital simulation for replicating the text visibility and reading performance of low-vision individuals.MethodsLow-vision visibility was modeled with contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) with parameters to represent reduced acuity and contrast sensitivity. Digital filtering incorporating these CSFs were applied to digital versions of the Lighthouse Letter Acuity Chart and the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart. Reading performance (reading acuity, critical print size, and maximum reading speed) was assessed with filtered versions of the MNREAD reading acuity Chart. Thirty-six normally sighted young adults completed chart testing under normal and simulated low-vision conditions. Fifty-eight low-vision subjects (thirty with macular pathology and twenty-eight with non-macular pathology) and fifteen normally sighted older subjects completed chart testing with their habitual viewing. We hypothesized that the performance of the normally sighted young adults under simulated low-vision conditions would match the corresponding performance of actual low-vision subjects.ResultsWhen simulating low-vision conditions with visual acuity better than 1.50 logMAR (Snellen 20/630) and contrast sensitivity better than 0.15 log unit, the simulation adequately reduced the acuity and contrast sensitivity in normally sighted young subjects to the desired low-vision levels. When performing the MNREAD test with simulated low vision, the normally sighted young adults had faster maximum reading speed than both the Non-macular and Macular groups, by an average of 0.07 and 0.12 log word per minute, respectively. However, they adequately replicated the reading acuity as well as the critical print size, up to 2.00 logMAR of both low-vision groups.ConclusionA low-vision simulation based on clinical measures of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity can provide good estimates of reading performance and the accessibility of digital text for a broad range of low-vision conditions.

Effect of print size on reading time in a patient with verbal alexia

Neurocase ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
B. T. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Reading Time ◽  
Print Size
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document