scholarly journals Heritable variation in host quality as measured through an ectoparasite's performance

Oikos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Fracasso ◽  
Erik Matthysen ◽  
Dieter Heylen
Keyword(s):  
Host Quality ◽  
Heritable Variation

scholarly journals Sept8/SEPTIN8 involvement in cellular structure and kidney damage is identified by genetic mapping and a novel human tubule hypoxic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Keele ◽  
Jeremy W. Prokop ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Katie Holl ◽  
John Littrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mixed Effect

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD), which can ultimately progress to kidney failure, is influenced by genetics and the environment. Genes identified in human genome wide association studies (GWAS) explain only a small proportion of the heritable variation and lack functional validation, indicating the need for additional model systems. Outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats have been used for genetic fine-mapping of complex traits, but have not previously been used for CKD traits. We performed GWAS for urinary protein excretion (UPE) and CKD related serum biochemistries in 245 male HS rats. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified using a linear mixed effect model that tested for association with imputed genotypes. Candidate genes were identified using bioinformatics tools and targeted RNAseq followed by testing in a novel in vitro model of human tubule, hypoxia-induced damage. We identified two QTL for UPE and five for serum biochemistries. Protein modeling identified a missense variant within Septin 8 (Sept8) as a candidate for UPE. Sept8/SEPTIN8 expression increased in HS rats with elevated UPE and tubulointerstitial injury and in the in vitro hypoxia model. SEPTIN8 is detected within proximal tubule cells in human kidney samples and localizes with acetyl-alpha tubulin in the culture system. After hypoxia, SEPTIN8 staining becomes diffuse and appears to relocalize with actin. These data suggest a role of SEPTIN8 in cellular organization and structure in response to environmental stress. This study demonstrates that integration of a rat genetic model with an environmentally induced tubule damage system identifies Sept8/SEPTIN8 and informs novel aspects of the complex gene by environmental interactions contributing to CKD risk.

HERITABLE VARIATION IN THE LENGTH OF THE Y CHROMOSOME

The Lancet ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 280 (7245) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Bishop ◽  
C.E. Blank ◽  
H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Heritable Variation

scholarly journals Why developmental niche construction is not selective niche construction: and why it matters

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 20160157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karola Stotz
Keyword(s):  
Niche Construction ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Developmental Niche ◽  
Constructed Environment ◽  
Selective Environment

In the last decade, niche construction has been heralded as the neglected process in evolution. But niche construction is just one way in which the organism's interaction with and construction of the environment can have potential evolutionary significance. The constructed environment does not just select for , it also produces new variation. Nearly 3 decades ago, and in parallel with Odling-Smee's article ‘Niche-constructing phenotypes', West and King introduced the ‘ontogenetic niche’ to give the phenomena of exo genetic inheritance a formal name. Since then, a range of fields in the life sciences and medicine has amassed evidence that parents influence their offspring by means other than DNA (parental effects), and proposed mechanisms for how heritable variation can be environmentally induced and developmentally regulated. The concept of ‘developmental niche construction’ (DNC) elucidates how a diverse range of mechanisms contributes to the transgenerational transfer of developmental resources. My most central of claims is that whereas the selective niche of niche construction theory is primarily used to explain the active role of the organism in its selective environment, DNC is meant to indicate the active role of the organism in its developmental environment. The paper highlights the differences between the construction of the selective and the developmental niche, and explores the overall significance of DNC for evolutionary theory.

scholarly journals Genetic regulation of homeostatic immune architecture in the lungs of Collaborative Cross mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brea K Hampton ◽  
Kara L. Jensen ◽  
Alan C. Whitmore ◽  
Colton L. Linnertz ◽  
Paul Maurizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Collaborative Cross ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Organ Systems

Variation in immune homeostasis, immune system stability, in organ systems such as the lungs is likely to shape the host response to infection at these exposed tissues. We evaluated immune homeostasis in immune cell populations in the lungs of the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population. We found vast heritable variation in leukocyte populations with the frequency of many of these cell types showing distinct patterns relative to classic inbred strains C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. We identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with variation in baseline lung immune cell populations, including several loci that broadly regulate the abundance of immune populations from distinct developmental lineages, and found that many of these loci have predictive value for influenza disease outcomes, demonstrating that genetic determinants of homeostatic immunity in the lungs regulate susceptibility to virus-induced disease. All told, we highlight the need to assess diverse mouse strains in understanding immune homeostasis and resulting immune responses.

scholarly journals Validation of Functional Polymorphisms Affecting Maize Plant Height by Unoccupied Aerial Systems (UAS) allows Novel Temporal Phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Adak ◽  
Seth C. Murray ◽  
Clarissa Conrad ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Steven Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Functional Polymorphisms ◽  
Tropical Germplasm ◽  
Hybrid Diversity ◽  
Aerial Systems

AbstractPlant height (PHT) in maize (Zea mays L.) has been scrutinized genetically and phenotypically due to relationship with other agronomically valuable traits (e.g. yield). Heritable variation of PHT is determined by many discovered quantitative trait loci (QTLs); however, phenotypic effects of such loci often lack validation across environments and genetic backgrounds, especially in the hybrid state grown by farmers rather than the inbred state preferred by geneticists. A previous genome wide association study using a hybrid diversity panel identified two novel quantitative trait variants (QTVs) controlling both PHT and grain yield. Here, heterogeneous inbred families demonstrated that these two loci, characterized by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), cause phenotypic variation in inbred lines, but that size of these effects were variable across four different genetic backgrounds, ranging from 1 to 10 cm. Weekly unoccupied aerial system flights demonstrated both SNPs had larger effects, varying from 10 to 25 cm, in early growth while SNPs effects decreased towards the end of the season. These results show that allelic effect sizes of economically valuable loci are both dynamic in temporal growth and dynamic across genetic backgrounds resulting in informative phenotypic variability overlooked following traditional phenotyping methods. Public genotyping data shows recent favorably selection in elite temperate germplasm with little change across tropical backgrounds. As these loci remain rare in tropical germplasm, with effects most visible early in growth, they are useful for breeding and selection to expand the genetic basis of maize.

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