Diagnostic ability of the primary second molar crown‐to‐root length ratio and the corresponding underlying premolar position in estimating future expander anchoring teeth exfoliation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Primozic ◽  
Fabio Federici Canova ◽  
Fiorella Alessandra Rizzo ◽  
Giuseppe Marzo ◽  
Vincenzo Quinzi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Root Length Ratio

Identification and characterization of novel QTL conferring internal detoxification of aluminum in soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Heng Ye ◽  
Li Song ◽  
Tri D Vuong ◽  
Qijian Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Root Length Ratio

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity inhibits soybean root growth, leading to insufficient water and nutrient uptake. In this research, two soybean lines (Magellan and PI 567731) were identified differing in Al tolerance as determined by primary root length ratio (PRL_Ratio), total root length ratio (TRL_Ratio), and root tip number ratio (RTN_Ratio) under Al stress compared to unstressed controlled conditions. Serious root necrosis was observed in PI 567731, but not in Magellan under Al stress. An F8 recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Magellan and PI 567731 was used to map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Al-tolerance. Three QTL on chromosomes 3, 13, and 20, with tolerant-alleles from Magellan, were identified. qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20, explained large phenotypic variations (13-27%) and played roles in maintaining root elongation. qAl_Gm03 was involved in maintaining root initiation under Al stress. These results suggested the importance of using the parameters of root elongation and root initiation in Al tolerance studies. In addition, qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20 were confirmed in near-isogenic backgrounds and were identified to epistatically regulate Al tolerance in internal detoxification instead of Al 3+ exclusion. The candidate genes for qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20 were suggested by analyzing a previous RNA-seq study. Phylogenetic and pedigree analysis identified the tolerant alleles of both loci derived from the US ancestor line, A.K.[FC30761], originally from China. Our results provide novel genetic resources for breeding Al-tolerant soybeans and suggest that the internal detoxification contributes to soybean tolerance to excessive soil Al.

scholarly journals Growth, gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations under different soil water availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leguizamón ◽  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Juan Guiamet ◽  
Horacio Acciaresi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Root Length Ratio

Leguizamón, E. S., Yanniccari, M. E., Guiamet, J. J. and Acciaresi, H. A. 2011. Growth, gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations under different soil water availability. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1011–1025. Different studies have determined that environmental variation is a key factor determining the outcome of competition within plant communities. Considering the importance of the resource water in non-irrigated lands of Argentina, the aim was to determine the effects of water deficit on relative growth rate (RGR), root length ratio (RLR), gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations collected in humid and subhumid regions of the Pampa plains. Under semi-controlled conditions, we compared plants of seven S. halepense populations subjected to three different levels of soil water availability during 3 wk: Field capacity (FC), 75% FC and drought (D). Moreover, total above-ground biomass of S. halepense and Zea mays plants growing together in competition was determined. It was found that those plants collected in humid or subhumid regions had greater RGR, gas exchange and RLR under FC and D, respectively. Zea mays achieved a higher competitive ability than S. halepense under FC, but plants collected in humid regions out-competed the crop when grown at 75% FC. Sorghum halepense plants collected in subhumid regions dominated under D. Root length ratio may have favored the maintenance of high levels of gas exchange and also high RGR, thus contributing to sustain a competitive hierarchy under soil water stress.

scholarly journals Radix Entomolaris in the Mandibular Molar Teeth of an Iranian Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kuzekanani ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh ◽  
Jahangir Haghani ◽  
Ali Zeynali Kermani
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Type I ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Distolingual Root ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. Supernumerary roots in permanent mandibular molar teeth make endodontic treatment more complicated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Radix Entomolaris (RE) in permanent mandibular first and second molars in the population of Kerman, in the southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods. From a collection of 500 mandibular first and second molar teeth extracted over 2015-2016 at dental clinics in Kerman, teeth were scored for an additional distolingual root, and the average root length and root morphology of this extra root were determined using the De Moor classification scheme. Results. In this population, RE occurred in 6% of mandibular first molars (4% with a straight apex (Type I) and 2% with buccal apical curvature (Type III)). In all cases, RE was the shortest root, with an average root length of 18.37 mm. RE occurred in only 0.8% of mandibular second molars, with an average root length of 18.0 mm. All mandibular second molars with RE were of Type III. Fisher’s exact test showed that the difference in frequency between first and second molars was statistically significant (two-sided P=0.002). Conclusion. Radix Entomolaris occurs more frequently in mandibular first molars than in mandibular second molars in this sample of 500 mandibular molars. The reported rate of 6% in first molars is expected to be higher than reported rates in European or Caucasian populations where the prevalence is typically less than 2%.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminium Toxicity on Root and Shoot Growth Of Rice and Chickpea Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Root Length Ratio ◽  
Primary Root Length

Increasing concentrations of aluminium progressively declined primary root length and number of lateral roots in rice and chickpea seedlings grown in rhizobox. It also inhibited the root and shoot length, dry weight of root and shoot of rice and chickpea seedlings grown in solution culture. On the other hand, it enhanced shoot/root length ratio and dry weight ratio for both the genera. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1195-1201, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals The Root Length Of Mandibular Second Molar By Using Periapical Radiography On Batak Ethnics Aged 18-22 Years In Faculty Of Dentistry University Of Sumatera Utara

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Kartika ◽  
Rizky Agustin Putri
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Dental Problem ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Mandibular Second Molar ◽  
Periapical Radiography

Introduction: Mandibular second molar teeth often undergoes dental problem. The root length of mandibular second molar should be known to assist in determining treatment of endodontic plan. However the length of root of each individual varies, therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the average of the root length of mandibular second molar on Batak ethnics by using periapical radiography. Periapical radiography is the most accurate method to evaluate the root length of mandibular second molar. Materials and Methods: The method of this research was descriptive with cross sectional approach. The number of samples were 50 students selected by purposive sampling and the data were collected by questionnaire and x-ray photographs. The research was conducted in Radiology Dental of Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Sumatera Utara, on March and April 2016. Results: The root length of mandibular second molar on Batak ethnic student in Faculty of Dentistry University of Sumatera Utara was 9-18 mm. Conclusion(s): It can be concluded that average of the root length of mandibular second molar for the mesial is 13.9 mm and at distal root is 12.4 mm.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

Treatment of Class II Division 1 with Impacted Mandibular Right Second Molar Using Microimplant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Sun-mi Lee ◽  
Seong-Ryeol Bae ◽  
Hee-Moon Kyung ◽  
Mi-hee Hong ◽  
Hyo-Sang Park
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Astounding Root Canal Anatomy of A Manibular Second Molar – A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 417-418
Author(s):  
Dr Veerendra M Uppin ◽  
◽  
Dr Priyanka Sarangi ◽  
Dr Sukanta Kumar Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Root Canal Anatomy
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