scholarly journals Growth, gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations under different soil water availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leguizamón ◽  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Juan Guiamet ◽  
Horacio Acciaresi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Root Length Ratio

Leguizamón, E. S., Yanniccari, M. E., Guiamet, J. J. and Acciaresi, H. A. 2011. Growth, gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations under different soil water availability. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1011–1025. Different studies have determined that environmental variation is a key factor determining the outcome of competition within plant communities. Considering the importance of the resource water in non-irrigated lands of Argentina, the aim was to determine the effects of water deficit on relative growth rate (RGR), root length ratio (RLR), gas exchange and competitive ability of Sorghum halepense populations collected in humid and subhumid regions of the Pampa plains. Under semi-controlled conditions, we compared plants of seven S. halepense populations subjected to three different levels of soil water availability during 3 wk: Field capacity (FC), 75% FC and drought (D). Moreover, total above-ground biomass of S. halepense and Zea mays plants growing together in competition was determined. It was found that those plants collected in humid or subhumid regions had greater RGR, gas exchange and RLR under FC and D, respectively. Zea mays achieved a higher competitive ability than S. halepense under FC, but plants collected in humid regions out-competed the crop when grown at 75% FC. Sorghum halepense plants collected in subhumid regions dominated under D. Root length ratio may have favored the maintenance of high levels of gas exchange and also high RGR, thus contributing to sustain a competitive hierarchy under soil water stress.

Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees

Biotropica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Stahl ◽  
Benoit Burban ◽  
Fabien Wagner ◽  
Jean-Yves Goret ◽  
Félix Bompy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Canopy Trees

Responses of Different Physiological Indices for Maize (Zea mays) to Soil Water Availability

Pedosphere ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Zhi WU ◽  
Ming-Bin HUANG ◽  
D.N. WARRINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Physiological Indices

scholarly journals Effect of soil water availability on gas exchange in young trees of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-557
Author(s):  
María Sara Mejía de Tafur ◽  
Néstor Miguel Riaño Herrera ◽  
John Byron Urrego Mesa ◽  
Dora Mónica Ibarra Espinosa ◽  
Claudia Marcela Zapata Duque
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Soil Water Availability

scholarly journals Leaf gas exchange and competitive ability of Zea mays and Sorghum halepense as affected by water competition

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Acciaresi ◽  
M. Yanniccari ◽  
E. Leguizamón ◽  
J. Guiamet
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters

In an environment involving water deficit and competition, weed species may show inefficient water use. The aim was to determine the water consumption strategy of Zea mays and Sorghum halepense and the effects of these strategies on crop and weed competitive ability.Under two soil water availability conditions, the soil and leaf water potential (Ψl), relative water content (RWC) and leaf gas exchange parameters were measured during the critical period of crop competition in pot experiments where Z. mays and S. halepense were grown alone or in competition. In addition, the relative yield total and aggressivity index of both species were calculated.S. halepense showed continuous absorption of water, reaching a lower Ψl than the Z. mays hybrids. S. halepense maintained a RWC of above 90%, which only decreased to 70% in the case of competition for low water supplies. In Z. mays, RWC declined to values of 70% at both water levels. S. halepense exhibited active leaf gas exchange. Z. mays hybrids had lower competitive ability than S. halepense at both competition levels due to their conservative water use strategy. Sustained water use by the weed could be the cause of the increased aggressivity of S. halepense under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil water availability on root biomass, root length, and N, P and K uptake by wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGRET M. I. VAN VUUREN ◽  
DAVID ROBINSON ◽  
ALASTAIR H. FITTER ◽  
SCOTT D. CHASALOW ◽  
LISA WILLIAMSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

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