Fetal programming of human energy homeostasis brain networks: Issues and considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerod M. Rasmussen ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Sonja Entringer ◽  
Claudia Buss ◽  
Pathik D. Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals Leptin: a pivotal regulator of human energy homeostasis

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 980S-984S ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sadaf Farooqi ◽  
Stephen O’Rahilly
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals The long isoform uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3L) in human energy homeostasis

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (S6) ◽  
pp. S49-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Chung ◽  
A Luke ◽  
RS Cooper ◽  
C Rotini ◽  
A Vidal-Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 3 ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals The regulation of body weight: lessons from the seasonal animal

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Morgan ◽  
Julian G. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Mutant Mouse ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Regulate Body Weight ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

The hypothalamus is a major regulatory centre involved in the control of many important physiological axes. One of these axes is the regulation of ingestive behaviour. Recent work using a combination of genetic-mutant mouse models together with targeted gene deletions has contributed much to our understanding of how neural pathways of the hypothalamus are involved in the regulation of energy balance in animals. These pathways are also relevant to human energy homeostasis, as mutations in key genes are correlated with obesity. Many of the genes identified mediate the effects of leptin, and are therefore primarily involved in sensing and responding to peripheral signals. In seasonal animals, such as the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), there is evidence for a higher level of regulation. The systems involved regulate body weight around an apparent 'set-point' through the action of photoperiod via the neurohormone, melatonin. The ability to manipulate energy balance through photoperiod (and melatonin) in the seasonal-animal model offers novel opportunities to identify further fundamental aspects of the control mechanisms involved in the central control of energy homeostasis and body weight.

The role of the molecular circadian clock in human energy homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Lucile Dollet ◽  
Logan A. Pendergrast ◽  
Juleen R. Zierath
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals Hypothalamic effective connectivity at rest is associated with body weight and energy homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Voigt ◽  
Zane B Andrews ◽  
Ian H Harding ◽  
Adeel Razi ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Top Down

Hunger and satiety states drive eating behaviours via changes in brain function. The hypothalamus is a central component of the brain networks that regulate food intake. Animal research parsed the roles of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the medial hypothalamus (MH) in hunger and satiety respectively. Here, we examined how hunger and satiety change information flow between human LH and MH brain networks, and how these interactions are influenced by body mass index. Forty participants (15 overweight/obese) underwent two resting-state functional MRI scans: after overnight fasting (fasted state) and following a standardised meal (sated state). The direction and valence (excitatory/inhibitory influence) of information flow between the MH and LH was modelled using spectral dynamic causal modelling. Our results revealed two core networks interacting across homeostatic state and weight status: subcortical bidirectional connections between the LH, MH and the substantia nigra pars compacta (prSN), and cortical top-down inhibition from frontoparietal and temporal areas. During fasting relative to satiety, we found higher inhibition between the LH and prSN, whereas the prSN received greater top-down inhibition from across the cortex. Individuals with higher BMI showed that these network dynamics occur irrespective of fasted or satiety states. Our findings reveal fasting affects brain dynamics over a distributed hypothalamic-midbrain-cortical network. This network is less sensitive to state-related fluctuations among people with obesity.

Genetic and physiological analysis of the role of uncoupling proteins in human energy homeostasis

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Pecqueur ◽  
Elodie Couplan ◽  
Frédéric Bouillaud ◽  
Daniel Ricquier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Physiological Analysis

scholarly journals Genetic and physiologic analysis of the role of uncoupling protein 3 in human energy homeostasis

Diabetes ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1890-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chung ◽  
A. Luke ◽  
R. S. Cooper ◽  
C. Rotini ◽  
A. Vidal-Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 3 ◽  
Human Energy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document