Genetic and physiological analysis of the role of uncoupling proteins in human energy homeostasis

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Pecqueur ◽  
Elodie Couplan ◽  
Frédéric Bouillaud ◽  
Daniel Ricquier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Physiological Analysis

The role of the molecular circadian clock in human energy homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Lucile Dollet ◽  
Logan A. Pendergrast ◽  
Juleen R. Zierath
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals Genetic and physiologic analysis of the role of uncoupling protein 3 in human energy homeostasis

Diabetes ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1890-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chung ◽  
A. Luke ◽  
R. S. Cooper ◽  
C. Rotini ◽  
A. Vidal-Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 3 ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals The Role of Uncoupling Proteins in Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Wen-Jian Li ◽  
Chun-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are anion carriers expressed in the mitochondrial inner membrane that uncouple oxygen consumption by the respiratory chain from ATP synthesis. The physiological functions of UCPs have long been debated since the new UCPs (UCP2 to 5) were discovered, and the role of UCPs in the pathogeneses of diabetes mellitus is one of the hottest topics. UCPs are thought to be activated by superoxide and then decrease mitochondrial free radicals generation; this may provide a protective effect on diabetes mellitus that is under the oxidative stress conditions. UCP1 is considered to be a candidate gene for diabetes because of its role in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. UCP2 is expressed in several tissues and acts in the negative regulation of insulin secretion byβ-cells and in fatty acid metabolism. UCP3 plays a role in fatty acid metabolism and energy homeostasis and modulates insulin sensitivity. Several gene polymorphisms of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 were reported to be associated with diabetes. The progress in the role of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 on diabetes mellitus is summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Physiological and interactomic analysis reveals versatile functions of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 quadruple mutants in response to Fe deficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Paula J. M. van Kleeff ◽  
Ka Wan Li ◽  
Albertus H. de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Proper Operation

AbstractTo date, few phenotypes have been described for Arabidopsis 14-3-3 mutants or the phenotypes showing the role of 14-3-3 in plant responding to abiotic stress. Although one member of the 14-3-3 protein family (14-3-3 omicron) was shown to be involved in the proper operation of Fe acquisition mechanisms at physiological and gene expression levels in Arabidopsis thaliana, it remains to be explored whether other members play a role in regulating iron acquisition. To more directly and effectively observe whether members of 14-3-3 non-epsilon group have a function in Fe-deficiency adaptation, three higher order quadruple KOs, kappa/lambda/phi/chi (klpc), kappa/lambda/upsilon/nu(klun), and upsilon/nu/phi/chi (unpc) were generated and studied for physiological analysis in this study. The analysis of iron-utilization efficiency, root phenotyping, and transcriptional level of Fe-responsive genes suggested that the mutant with kl background showed different phenotypes from Wt when plants suffered Fe starved, while these phenotypes were absent in the unpc mutant. Moreover, the absence of the four 14-3-3 isoforms in the klun mutant has a clear impact on the 14-3-3 interactome upon Fe deficiency. Dynamics of 14-3-3-client interactions analysis showed that 27 and 17 proteins differentially interacted with 14-3-3 in Wt and klun roots caused by Fe deficiency, respectively. Many of these Fe responsive proteins have a role in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle, the FoF1-synthase and in the cysteine/methionine synthesis. A clear explanation for the observed phenotypes awaits a more detailed analysis of the functional aspects of 14-3-3 binding to the target proteins identified in this study.

The Role of Tanycytes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and the Possibilities for Their Genetic Manipulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (06/07) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Helge Müller-Fielitz ◽  
Markus Schwaninger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Hpt Axis ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) regulation is important for development, energy homeostasis, heart function, and bone formation. To control the effects of TH in target organs, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the tissue-specific availability of TH are highly regulated by negative feedback. To exert a central feedback, TH must enter the brain via specific transport mechanisms and cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, tanycytes, which are located in the ventral walls of the 3rd ventricle in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), function as gatekeepers. Tanycytes are able to transport, sense, and modify the release of hormones of the HPT axis and are involved in feedback regulation. In this review, we focus on the relevance of tanycytes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release and review available genetic tools to investigate the physiological functions of these cells.

The melanocortin system

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. E468-E474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Gantz ◽  
Tung M. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Melanocortin Receptors ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Melanocortin Peptides ◽  
Selective Agonists ◽  
Made In

The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin gene, five melanocortin receptors, two endogenous antagonists, and two ancillary proteins. This review provides an abbreviated account of the basic biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology of the melanocortin system and highlights progress made in four areas. In particular, recent pharmacological and genetic studies have affirmed the role of melanocortins in pigmentation, inflammation, energy homeostasis, and sexual function. Development of selective agonists and antagonists is expected to further facilitate the investigation of these complex physiological functions and provide an experimental basis for new pharmacotherapies.

scholarly journals Importance And Role Of Competence In Professional Career Of Product Develop Engineers

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Miltenović ◽  
Milan Banić ◽  
Vojislav Miltenović
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Improve Product Quality ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Optimum Utilization ◽  
Fierce Competition

Abstract Product development is a creative task where is systematically created a new product, which makes possible to firms to offer attractive, innovative and market oriented products. In conditions of fierce competition and saturated markets, companies that do not innovate are stagnating and disappear from the market. Innovation is therefore every intervention which can reduce production costs, enables optimum utilization of available human, energy and material resources, improve product quality, improve the placement, which leads to an increase in competitiveness. A prerequisite for fulfillment of the above-mentioned tasks is that the companies have engineers with the appropriate competencies, which are able to, through creativity, innovation and fascinating technique of creating new or improving existing products and lunch it on the market. The paper discusses the role and importance of the competences that are necessary for a successful professional career of product development engineers.

scholarly journals L-Carnitine in Drosophila: A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Carillo ◽  
Carla Bertapelle ◽  
Filippo Scialò ◽  
Mario Siervo ◽  
Gianrico Spagnuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Amino Acid Derivative ◽  
Carnitine Transport ◽  
Human Transport ◽  
Drosophila Models

L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that plays a key role in the metabolism of fatty acids, including the shuttling of long-chain fatty acyl CoA to fuel mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, L-carnitine reduces oxidative damage and plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. L-carnitine also plays an essential role in the control of cerebral functions, and the aberrant regulation of genes involved in carnitine biosynthesis and mitochondrial carnitine transport in Drosophila models has been linked to neurodegeneration. Drosophila models of neurodegenerative diseases provide a powerful platform to both unravel the molecular pathways that contribute to neurodegeneration and identify potential therapeutic targets. Drosophila can biosynthesize L-carnitine, and its carnitine transport system is similar to the human transport system; moreover, evidence from a defective Drosophila mutant for one of the carnitine shuttle genes supports the hypothesis of the occurrence of β-oxidation in glial cells. Hence, Drosophila models could advance the understanding of the links between L-carnitine and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge on L-carnitine in Drosophila and discusses the role of the L-carnitine pathway in fly models of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Byrne ◽  
E S Chambers ◽  
D J Morrison ◽  
G Frost
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Plasma Obestatin, Ghrelin, and Ghrelin/Obestatin Ratio Are Increased in Underweight Patients with Anorexia Nervosa But Not in Symptomatic Patients with Bulimia Nervosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 4418-4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiero Monteleone ◽  
Cristina Serritella ◽  
Vassilis Martiadis ◽  
Pasquale Scognamiglio ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Clinical Measures

Introduction: Peptides of the gut-brain axis have a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obestatin, a sibling of ghrelin derived from preproghrelin, is thought to oppose ghrelin effects on food intake. Because changes in ghrelin levels have been associated with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), the investigation of obestatin production may further contribute to understanding the role of peripheral peptides in patients with eating disorders. Methods: In the present study, we measured circulating blood levels of obestatin and ghrelin and assessed their relationships with anthropometric and clinical measures in 20 AN patients, 21 BN patients, and 20 appropriate healthy controls. Results: Compared with healthy women, patients with BN showed no significant differences in plasma obestatin and ghrelin concentrations and in the ghrelin/obestatin ratio, whereas underweight AN patients displayed significantly increased circulating levels of both obestatin (P < 0.009) and ghrelin (P < 0.002) and an increased ghrelin/obestatin ratio (P < 0.04). Moreover, in AN women, positive correlations emerged between the ghrelin/obestatin ratio and current body weight and body mass index. Conclusions: Underweight AN patients are characterized by increased concentrations of ghrelin and obestatin and a higher ghrelin to obestatin ratio. No changes in circulating ghrelin or obestatin as well as in ghrelin to obestatin ratio seem to occur in acutely ill patients with BN. Although those changes likely reflect the physiological state of symptomatic AN individuals, they may also contribute to the pathophysiology of the disorder.

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