scholarly journals Noninvasive imaging of hollow structures and gas movement revealed the gas partial‐pressure‐gradient‐driven long‐distance gas movement in the aerenchyma along the leaf blade to submerged organs in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong‐Gen Yin ◽  
Yoshinao Mori ◽  
Nobuo Suzui ◽  
Keisuke Kurita ◽  
Mitsutaka Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hollow Structures

scholarly journals Evaluation of Differences between PaCO2 and ETCO2 by Age as Measured during General Anesthesia with Patients in a Supine Position

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kenichi Satoh ◽  
Ayako Ohashi ◽  
Miho Kumagai ◽  
Masahito Sato ◽  
Akiyoshi Kuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
American Society ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the arterial to end-tidal partial pressure gradient of carbon dioxide according to age in the supine position during general anesthesia. Methods. From January 2001 to December 2013, we evaluated 596 patients aged ≥16 years who underwent general anesthesia in the supine position. The anesthetic charts of these 596 patients, all classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the accuracy of PaCO2 and ETCO2. Results. The a-ETCO2 was 3.0 ± 2.1 mmHg for patients aged 16 to <65 years and 4.1±3.1 mmHg for patients ≥65 years. The a-ETCO2 was 2.4±3.1 mmHg for patients aged 16 to 25 years, 3.1±2.2 mmHg for patients aged 26 to 35 years, 3.0±2.2 mmHg for patients aged 36 to 45 years, 3.4±2.0 mmHg for patients aged 46 to 55 years, 3.2±2.0 mmHg for patients aged 56 to 64 years, 4.3±3.2 mmHg for patients aged 65 to 74 years, and 3.7±2.8 mmHg for patients aged 75 to 84 years. Conclusion. The arterial to end-tidal partial pressure gradient of carbon dioxide tended to increase with increasing age.

Mixed Conductivity and Oxygen Permeability of (BaxSr1-x)0.98Fe1-yMyO3-&[delta] ( x = 0.1-0.3, y = 0.1-0.4 and M = Ga, Al )

2006 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Chun Yong ◽  
Hajime Kusaba ◽  
Hisahiro Einaga ◽  
Yasutake Teraoka
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Methane Partial Oxidation ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Mixed Conductivity

AbstractSubstitution effects of Ga and Al for Fe in (BaxSr1-x)0.98FeO3-δ were studied with respect to crystal structure, conductivity and oxygen permeability. The solubility limits of Ga and Al in (BaxSr1-x)0.98Fe1-yMyO3-δ (M=Ga, Al) were between 20 and 30 mol%. The substitution of Ga and Al caused decreases in electronic and oxide ionic conductivities (mixed conductivities) but the enhancement of the reduction tolerance. Sintered membranes of the Ga- and Al-substituted oxides showed oxygen permeability under the He/air oxygen partial pressure gradient and were stable under the condition of methane partial oxidation at 900 °C.

Hypoxémie et Temps Limite à la Vitesse Aérobie Maximale Chez des Coureurs de Fond

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Billat ◽  
Jean-Cyril Renoux ◽  
Jacques Pinoteau ◽  
Bernard Petit ◽  
Jean-Pierre Koralsztein
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Exercise Induced

A recent paper (Billat et al., 1994a) has shown the reproducibility but also the great variability between subelite long-distance runners in their time to exhaustion at the velocity which elicits [Formula: see text], called the maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The present study delved further into the reasons for this large difference between runners having the same [Formula: see text]. The question addressed was whether the exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) was more important for athletes having the longest time to exhaustion at 90 (Tlim 90), 100 (Tlim 100), or 105% (Tlim 105) of MAS. The study was conducted on 16 elite male runners. EIH was observed, that is, arteriel oxyhemoglobin saturation and arterial partial pressure of oxygen dropped significantly after all the Tlim tests. However, EIH was only correlated with Tlim 90 (r = −0.757; −0.531, respectively). Key words: exercise, running

Proposal for an Expanded Distichlis (Poaceae, Chloridoideae): Support from Molecular, Morphological, and Anatomical Characters

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester L. Bell ◽  
Travis J. Columbus
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Dispersal Events

The Distichlis clade comprises Distichlis (7 species), Monanthochloë (2), and Reederochloa (1). All species except D. distichophylla (endemic to Australia) and D. spicata (widespread in the New World) are restricted either to North or South America. We investigated phylogenetic relationships within the clade using chloroplast (trnL–F and ndhF) and nuclear ribosomal (internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S) DNA sequences. We also studied lemma micromorphology, leaf blade anatomy, macromorphology, and biogeography in a phylogenetic context. The Distichlis clade is strongly supported in the molecular analyses. A morphological synapomorphy for the clade is the presence of a single papilla on the center of each subsidiary cell of lemma stomata. Other diagnostic features include dioecy, rhizomes or stolons, conspicuously distichous leaves, 5–13 lemma nerves, dumbbell- or flask-shaped bicellular microhairs with sunken basal cells, and growth in alkaline or saline soils. The nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies indicate that Monanthochloë and Reederochloa are nested within a paraphyletic Distichlis, and a number of structural characters, including leaf blade length, number of spikelets per inflorescence, and number of florets per spikelet, also fall within the range of variation in Distichlis. Therefore, we propose expanding the circumscription of Distichlis to include Monanthochloë and Reederochloa, and make the following new combinations: Distichlis acerosa, D. eludens, and D. littoralis. Biogeographical analysis revealed that the group likely originated in North America followed by a number of long-distance dispersal events, including back dispersals.

Changes in concentration of gases in the rubber bladders of Max-Planck respirometers

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahaman ◽  
J. V. G. A. Durnin
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Expired Air

Changes of concentration of CO2 and O2 through rubber bladders were determined by a) exposing the bladders to atmospheric air, b) putting them into polythene bags and inflating the bags by 1) normal expired air and 2) by the same gas mixture as inside the bladders. Two different gas mixtures (of similar percentage composition to that of expired air samples obtained during light and moderate exercise) were used. The rate of diffusion was found to depend on the partial pressure gradient across the rubber wall and the type of gas. The higher the partial pressure gradient, the more rapid was the diffusion, and CO2 diffused at a higher rate than O2. Such a simple procedure as putting the bladders into polythene bags and inflating the bags by the operator's own expired air was found to reduce the change of concentration considerably. A correction can be utilized to obtain a more accurate gaseous percentage composition if there is a delay between the experiment and the gas analysis. carbon dioxide; oxygen; diffusion of gases; indirect calorimetry Submitted on October 17, 1963

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