scholarly journals Resistance to a non‐selective HPPD‐inhibiting herbicide via novel reduction‐dehydration‐glutathione conjugation in Amaranthus tuberculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanaflor Crystal T. Concepcion ◽  
Shiv S. Kaundun ◽  
James A. Morris ◽  
Sarah‐Jane Hutchings ◽  
Seth A. Strom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Conjugation ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

Inter-row Cultivation Timing Effects on Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Control and Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Nathan H. Haugrud ◽  
Thomas J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract The invasion of waterhemp into northern sugarbeet growing regions has prompted producers to re-integrate inter-row cultivation into weed management programs as no currently registered herbicides can control glyphosate-resistant waterhemp POST in crop. Inter-row cultivation was a common weed control practice in sugarbeet until the release of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet cultivars in 2008 made the use of inter-row cultivation unnecessary. In the late 2010s, producers began again to use inter-row cultivation to remove weeds that glyphosate did not control, but producers need information on the effectiveness and safety of inter-row cultivation when used with soil residual herbicide programs. Efficacy and tolerance field experiments were conducted in Minnesota and North Dakota from 2017 to 2019. Results from the efficacy experiment demonstrated cultivation improved waterhemp control 11% and 12%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Waterhemp response to cultivation was dependent on crop canopy and precipitation after cultivation. Cultivation had minimal effect on waterhemp density in three environments, but at one environment, near Galchutt, ND in 2019, waterhemp density increased 600% and 196%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Climate data indicated Galchutt, ND in 2019 received 105 mm of precipitation in the 14 days following cultivation and had an open crop canopy which likely contributed to further weed emergence. Results from the tolerance experiment demonstrated root yield and recoverable sucrose were not affected by cultivation timing or number of cultivations. In one environment, cultivating reduced sucrose content by 0.8% regardless of date or cultivation number, but no differences were found in three environments. In-season cultivation can damage/destroy leaf tissue which is likely responsible for the reduction in sucrose content. Results indicate cultivation can be a valuable tool to control weeds that herbicide cannot, but excessive rainfall and open crop canopy following cultivation can create an environment conducive to further weed emergence.

scholarly journals When the Nose Must Remain Responsive: Glutathione Conjugation of the Mammary Pheromone in the Newborn Rabbit

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Legendre ◽  
P. Faure ◽  
H. Tiesset ◽  
C. Potin ◽  
I. Jakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Conjugation ◽  
Newborn Rabbit ◽  
Mammary Pheromone

Induction of DNA repair in rat spermatocytes and hepatocytes by 1,2-dibromoethane: the role of glutathione conjugation

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Working ◽  
Tracey Smith-Oliver ◽  
Russell D. White ◽  
Byron E. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Glutathione Conjugation

Inactivation of the carcinogen, 5-hydroxymethylchrysene, by glutathione conjugation via a sulphate ester in hepatic cytosol

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (24) ◽  
pp. 4573-4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiro Okuda ◽  
Kiyoshi Miwa ◽  
Hiroshi Nojima ◽  
Tadashi Watabe
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Conjugation

scholarly journals Confirmation and Control of HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicide–Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in Nebraska

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwel C. Oliveira ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Todd Gaines ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Keenan Amundsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
And Control ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in Nebraska to (1) confirm the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting resistant-waterhemp biotype (HPPD-RW) by quantifying the resistance levels in dose-response studies, and (2) to evaluate efficacy of PRE-only, POST-only, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs for control of HPPD-RW in corn. Greenhouse dose-response studies confirmed that the suspected waterhemp biotype in Nebraska has evolved resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides with a 2- to 18-fold resistance depending upon the type of HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being sprayed. Under field conditions, at 56 d after treatment, ≥90% control of the HPPD-RW was achieved with PRE-applied mesotrione/atrazine/S-metolachlor+acetochlor, pyroxasulfone (180 and 270 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone/fluthiacet-methyl/atrazine, and pyroxasulfone+saflufenacil+atrazine. Among POST-only herbicide programs, glyphosate, a premix of mesotrione/atrazine tank-mixed with diflufenzopyr/dicamba, or metribuzin, or glufosinate provided ≥92% HPPD-RW control. Herbicide combinations of different effective sites of action in mixtures provided ≥86% HPPD-RW control in PRE followed by POST herbicide programs. It is concluded that the suspected waterhemp biotype is resistant to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and alternative herbicide programs are available for effective control in corn. The occurrence of HPPD-RW in Nebraska is significant because it limits the effectiveness of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.

scholarly journals Selective ancestral sorting and de novo evolution in the agricultural invasion of Amaranthus tuberculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Kreiner ◽  
Amalia Caballero ◽  
Stephen I. Wright ◽  
John R. Stinchcombe
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

The relative role of hybridization, de novo evolution, and standing variation in weed adaptation to agricultural environments is largely unknown. In Amaranthus tuberculatus, a widespread North American agricultural weed, adaptation is likely influenced by recent secondary contact and admixture of two previously isolated subspecies. We characterized the extent of adaptation and phenotypic differentiation accompanying the spread of A. tuberculatus into agricultural environments and the contribution of subspecies divergence. We generated phenotypic and whole-genome sequence data from a manipulative common garden experiment, using paired samples from natural and agricultural populations. We found strong latitudinal, longitudinal, and sex differentiation in phenotypes, and subtle differences among agricultural and natural environments that were further resolved with ancestry-based inference. The transition into agricultural environments has favoured southwestern var. rudis ancestry that leads to higher biomass and environment-specific phenotypes: increased biomass and earlier flowering under reduced water availability, and reduced plasticity in fitness-related traits. We also detected de novo adaptation to agricultural habitats independent of ancestry effects, including marginally higher biomass and later flowering in agricultural populations, and a time to germination home advantage. Therefore, the invasion of A. tuberculatus into agricultural environments has drawn on adaptive variation across multiple timescales—through both preadaptation via the preferential sorting of var. rudis ancestry and de novo local adaptation.

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