Pith‐specific lignification in Nicotiana attenuata as a defense against a stem‐boring herbivore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsung Joo ◽  
Hoon Kim ◽  
Moonyoung Kang ◽  
Gisuk Lee ◽  
Sungjun Choung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Attenuata

scholarly journals Hawkmoths evaluate scenting flowers with the tip of their proboscis

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Haverkamp ◽  
Felipe Yon ◽  
Ian W Keesey ◽  
Christine Mißbach ◽  
Christopher Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Floral Volatiles ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Choice Tests

Pollination by insects is essential to many ecosystems. Previously, we have shown that floral scent is important to mediate pollen transfer between plants (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib16">Kessler et al., 2015</xref>). Yet, the mechanisms by which pollinators evaluate volatiles of single flowers remained unclear. Here, Nicotiana attenuata plants, in which floral volatiles have been genetically silenced and its hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca sexta, were used in semi-natural tent and wind-tunnel assays to explore the function of floral scent. We found that floral scent functions to increase the fitness of individual flowers not only by increasing detectability but also by enhancing the pollinator's foraging efforts. Combining proboscis choice tests with neurophysiological, anatomical and molecular analyses we show that this effect is governed by newly discovered olfactory neurons on the tip of the moth's proboscis. With the tip of their tongue, pollinators assess the advertisement of individual flowers, an ability essential for maintaining this important ecosystem service.

scholarly journals Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schäfer ◽  
Ivan D. Meza‐Canales ◽  
Aura Navarro‐Quezada ◽  
Christoph Brütting ◽  
Radomira Vanková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Attenuata

scholarly journals A multiplex guide RNA expression system and its efficacy for plant genome engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngbin Oh ◽  
Hyeonjin Kim ◽  
Bora Lee ◽  
Sang-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Binary Vector ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Editing Efficiency ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
A Genome

Abstract BackgroundThe Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR system is composed of a Cas9 endonuclease (SpCas9) and a single-stranded guide RNA (gRNA) harboring a target-specific sequence. Theoretically, SpCas9 proteins could cleave as many targeted loci as gRNAs bind in a genome.ResultsWe introduce a PCR-free multiple gRNA cloning system for editing plant genomes. This method consists of two steps: (1) cloning annealed products of two oligonucleotides harboring target-binding sequence between tRNA and gRNA scaffold sequences in a pGRNA vector; and (2) assembling tRNA-gRNA units from several pGRNA vectors with a plant binary vector containing a SpCas9 expression cassette using the Golden Gate assembly method. We validated the editing efficiency and patterns of the multiplex gRNA expression system in wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) protoplasts and in transformed plants by performing targeted deep sequencing. Two proximal cleavages by SpCas9-gRNA largely increased the editing efficiency and induced large deletions between two cleavage sites.ConclusionsThis multiplex gRNA expression system enables high-throughput production of a single binary vector and increases the efficiency of plant genome editing.

scholarly journals An evolutionary hourglass of herbivore-induced transcriptomic responses in Nicotiana attenuata

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Durrant ◽  
Justin Boyer ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin ◽  
Shuqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Induced Defences ◽  
Elicitation Process ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

Herbivore induced defences are robust, evolve rapidly and activated in plants when specific elicitors, frequently found in the herbivores' oral secretions (OS) are introduced into wounds during attack. How these complex induced defences evolve remains unclear. Here, we show that herbivore-induced transcriptomic responses in a wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, display an evolutionary hourglass: the pattern that characterises the transcriptomic evolution of embryogenesis in animals, plants, and fungi. While relatively young and rapidly evolving genes involved in signal perception and processing to regulate defence metabolite biosynthesis are recruited both early (1 h) and late (9-21 h) in the defence elicitation process, a group of highly conserved and older genes involved in transcriptomic regulation are activated in the middle stage (5 h). The appearance of the evolutionary hourglass architecture in both developmental and defence elicitation processes may reflect the importance of robustness and evolvability in the signalling of these important biological processes.

scholarly journals Cytokinin transfer by a free-living mirid to Nicotiana attenuata recapitulates a strategy of endophytic insects

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Brütting ◽  
Cristina Maria Crava ◽  
Martin Schäfer ◽  
Meredith C Schuman ◽  
Stefan Meldau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
15N Isotope ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Source Sink

Endophytic insects provide the textbook examples of herbivores that manipulate their host plant’s physiology, putatively altering source/sink relationships by transferring cytokinins (CK) to create ‘green islands’ that increase the nutritional value of infested tissues. However, unambiguous demonstrations of CK transfer are lacking. Here we show that feeding by the free-living herbivore Tupiocoris notatus on Nicotiana attenuata is characterized by stable nutrient levels, increased CK levels and alterations in CK-related transcript levels in attacked leaves, in striking similarity to endophytic insects. Using 15N-isotope labeling, we demonstrate that the CK N6-isopentenyladenine (IP) is transferred from insects to plants via their oral secretions. In the field, T. notatus preferentially attacks leaves with transgenically increased CK levels; plants with abrogated CK-perception are less tolerant of T. notatus feeding damage. We infer that this free-living insect uses CKs to manipulate source/sink relationships to increase food quality and minimize the fitness consequences of its feeding.

scholarly journals Shifting Nicotiana attenuata 's diurnal rhythm does not alter its resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Herden ◽  
Stefan Meldau ◽  
Sang-Gyu Kim ◽  
Grit Kunert ◽  
Youngsung Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Specialist Herbivore
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