scholarly journals An evolutionary hourglass of herbivore-induced transcriptomic responses in Nicotiana attenuata

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Durrant ◽  
Justin Boyer ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin ◽  
Shuqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Induced Defences ◽  
Elicitation Process ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

Herbivore induced defences are robust, evolve rapidly and activated in plants when specific elicitors, frequently found in the herbivores' oral secretions (OS) are introduced into wounds during attack. How these complex induced defences evolve remains unclear. Here, we show that herbivore-induced transcriptomic responses in a wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, display an evolutionary hourglass: the pattern that characterises the transcriptomic evolution of embryogenesis in animals, plants, and fungi. While relatively young and rapidly evolving genes involved in signal perception and processing to regulate defence metabolite biosynthesis are recruited both early (1 h) and late (9-21 h) in the defence elicitation process, a group of highly conserved and older genes involved in transcriptomic regulation are activated in the middle stage (5 h). The appearance of the evolutionary hourglass architecture in both developmental and defence elicitation processes may reflect the importance of robustness and evolvability in the signalling of these important biological processes.

Herbivore Oral Secretions are the First Line of Protection Against Plant-Induced Defences

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Felton ◽  
Seung Ho Chung ◽  
Maria Gloria Estrada Hernandez ◽  
Joe Louis ◽  
Michelle Peiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Line ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Induced Defences

Herbivore Oral Secretions are the First Line of Protection Against Plant-induced Defences

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W Felton ◽  
Seung Ho Chung ◽  
Maria Gloria Estrada Hernandez ◽  
Joe Louis ◽  
Michelle Peiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Line ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Induced Defences

scholarly journals Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjun Ruan ◽  
Yuexia Zhou ◽  
Meiliang Zhou ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Muhammad Khurshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Jasmonic Acid Signaling ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Local Transmission ◽  
Signal Receptors

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and dervatives, referred as jasmonates (JAs) are important molecules in the regulation of many physiological processes in plant growth and development, and especially the mediation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. JAs biosynthesis, perception, transport, signal transduction and action have been extensively investigated. In this review, we will discuss the initiation of JA signaling with a focus on environmental signal perception and transduction, JA biosynthesis and metabolism, transport of signaling molecules (local transmission, vascular bundle transmission, and airborne transportation), and biological function (JA signal receptors, regulated transcription factors, and biological processes involved).

scholarly journals Arabidopsis, tobacco, nightshade and elm take insect eggs as herbivore alarm and show similar transcriptomic alarm responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Lortzing ◽  
Reinhard Kunze ◽  
Anke Steppuhn ◽  
Monika Hilker ◽  
Vivien Lortzing
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses ◽  
Bittersweet Nightshade

Abstract Plants respond to insect eggs with transcriptional changes, resulting in enhanced defence against hatching larvae. However, it is unknown whether phylogenetically distant plant species show conserved transcriptomic responses to insect eggs and subsequent larval feeding. We used Generally Applicable Gene set Enrichment (GAGE) on gene ontology terms to answer this question and analysed transcriptome data from Arabidopsis thaliana, wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata), bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) and elm trees (Ulmus minor) infested by different insect species. The different plant–insect species combinations showed considerable overlap in their transcriptomic responses to both eggs and larval feeding. Within these conformable responses across the plant–insect combinations, the responses to eggs and feeding were largely analogous, and about one-fifth of these analogous responses were further enhanced when egg deposition preceded larval feeding. This conserved transcriptomic response to eggs and larval feeding comprised gene sets related to several phytohormones and to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, of which specific branches were activated in different plant–insect combinations. Since insect eggs and larval feeding activate conserved sets of biological processes in different plant species, we conclude that plants with different lifestyles share common transcriptomic alarm responses to insect eggs, which likely enhance their defence against hatching larvae.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Apoptosis and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin V McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

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