Plants and mycorrhizal symbionts acquire substantial soil nitrogen from gaseous ammonia transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Hestrin ◽  
Peter K. Weber ◽  
Jennifer Pett‐Ridge ◽  
Johannes Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Transport

Intermolecular forces in gaseous ammonia and in ammonia – nonpolar gas mixtures

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (19) ◽  
pp. 2993-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Lee ◽  
J. P. O'Connell ◽  
C. D. Myrat ◽  
J. M. Prausnitz
Keyword(s):  
Virial Coefficient ◽  
Second Virial Coefficient ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Vibrational Entropy ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Intermolecular potential parameters for ammonia have been determined for the Stockmayer–Kihara function using experimental second virial coefficient, diffusivity and viscosity data of binary mixtures with argon, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen. The parameters U0/k = 215 °K, σ(core-to-core) = 2.70 Å and a* = 0.2 reproduce essentially all of the data nearly within experimental error and accurately reproduce pure ammonia transport properties. Upon considering both physical and chemical contributions to the second virial coefficient of ammonia, the apparent standard-state hydrogen-bond enthalpy for chemical dimerization is −3.2 kcal/mole while the vibrational entropy change is 20.2 cal/mole °K, indicating weak association.

Kyiv park "Nivki" and "Teremki" forests and ecological analysis of their habitats

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
I. V. Goncharenko ◽  
H. M. Holyk
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure

Cenotic diversity and leading ecological factors of its floristic differentiation were studied on an example of two areas – Kyiv parks "Nivki" and "Teremki". It is shown that in megalopolis the Galeobdoloni-Carpinetum impatientosum parviflorae subassociation is formed under anthropogenic pressure on the typical ecotope of near-Dnieper hornbeam oak forests on fresh gray-forest soils. The degree of anthropogenic transformation of cenofloras can be estimated by the number of species of Robinietea and Galio-Urticetea classes, as well as neophytes and cultivars. Phytoindication for hemeroby index may be also used in calculation. We propose the modified index of biotic dispersion (normalized by alpha-diversity) for the estimation of ecophytocenotic range (beta-diversity) of releves series. We found that alpha-diversity initially increases (due to the invasion of antropophytes) at low level of antropogenic pressure, then it decreases (due to the loss of aboriginal species) secondarily with increasing of human impact. Also we found that beta-diversity (differential diversity) decreases, increasing homogeneity of plant cover, under the influence of anthropogenic factor. Vegetation classification was completed by a new original method of cluster analysis, designated as DRSA («distance-ranked sorting assembling»). The classification quality is suggested to be validated on the "seriation" diagram, which is а distance matrix between objects with gradient filling. Dark diagonal blocks confirm clusters’ density (intracluster compactness), uncolored off-diagonal blocks are evidence in favor of clusters’ isolation (intercluster distinctness). In addition, distinction of clusters (syntaxa) in ordination area suggests their independence. For phytoindication we propose to include only species with more than 10% constancy. Furthermore, for the description of syntaxonomic amplitude we suggest to use 25%-75% interquartile scope instead of mean and standard deviation. It is shown that comparative analysis of syntaxa for each ecofactor is convenient to carry out by using violin (bulb) plots. A new approach to the phytoindication of syntaxa, designated as R-phytoindication, was proposed for our study. In this case, the ecofactor values, calculated for individual releves, are not taken into account, however, the composition of cenoflora with species constancies is used that helps us to minimize for phytoindication the influence of non-typical species. We suggested a syntaxon’s amplitude to be described by more robust statistics: for the optimum of amplitude (central tendency) – by a median (instead of arithmetic mean), and for the range of tolerance – by an interquartile scope (instead of standard deviation). We assesses amplitudes of syntaxa by phytoindication method for moisture (Hd), acidity (Rc), soil nitrogen content (Nt), wetting variability (vHd), light regime (Lc), salt regime (Sl). We revealed no significant differences on these ecofactors among ecotopes of our syntaxa, that proved the variant syntaxonomic rank for all syntaxa. We found that the core of species composition of our phytocenoses consists of plants with moderate requirements for moisture, soil nitrogen, light and salt regime. We prove that the leading factor of syntaxonomic differentiation is hidden anthropogenic, which is not subject to direct measurement. But we detect that hidden factor of "human pressure" was correlated with phytoindication parameters (variables) that can be measured "directly" by species composition of plant communities. The most correlated factors were ecofactors of soil nitrogen, wetting variability, light regime and hemeroby. The last one is the most indicative empirically for the assessment of "human impact". We establish that there is a concept of «hemeroby of phytocenosis» (tolerance to human impact), which can be calculated approximately as the mean or the median of hemeroby scores of individual species which are present in it.

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

SOIL NITROGEN BALANCE UNDER CEREALS AND PERENNIAL CROPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1564-1574
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Gumbarov ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy Dolobeshkin ◽  
Viktor Shishkin ◽  
Aleksandr Shishkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Balance

Effects of Long-Term Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Con-tent and Paste Property of Wheat Grain

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha-Sha LI ◽  
Geng MA ◽  
Wei-Xing LIU ◽  
Juan KANG ◽  
Yu-Lu CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Grain

Distribution and relationship of soil nitrogen and flue-cured tobacco nicotine content in Enshi tobacco fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-884
Author(s):  
Zi-Cheng XU ◽  
Yan GUO ◽  
Hui-Fang SHAO ◽  
Qing-Wen BI ◽  
Jian WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Relationship Of

Factors affecting soil nitrogen supply in tobacco fields in Southwest Hubei

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162
Author(s):  
Shu-Jun ZHAO ◽  
Jia-Fu YUAN ◽  
Xin-Ran ZHANG ◽  
Xiang-Yu XU ◽  
You-Sheng XIONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply
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