scholarly journals Mapping sites of gibberellin biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis root tip

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 1521-1534
Author(s):  
Richard Barker ◽  
Maria Nieves Fernandez Garcia ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Simon Vaughan ◽  
Malcolm J. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Tip ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Arabidopsis Root

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis Root Tip (Phospho)Proteomes at Growth-Promoting versus Growth-Repressing Conditions Reveal Novel Root Growth Regulators

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikonorova ◽  
Evan Murphy ◽  
Cassio Flavio Fonseca de Lima ◽  
Shanshuo Zhu ◽  
Brigitte van de Cotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Impact

Auxin plays a dual role in growth regulation and, depending on the tissue and concentration of the hormone, it can either promote or inhibit division and expansion processes in plants. Recent studies have revealed that, beyond transcriptional reprogramming, alternative auxin-controlled mechanisms regulate root growth. Here, we explored the impact of different concentrations of the synthetic auxin NAA that establish growth-promoting and -repressing conditions on the root tip proteome and phosphoproteome, generating a unique resource. From the phosphoproteome data, we pinpointed (novel) growth regulators, such as the RALF34-THE1 module. Our results, together with previously published studies, suggest that auxin, H+-ATPases, cell wall modifications and cell wall sensing receptor-like kinases are tightly embedded in a pathway regulating cell elongation. Furthermore, our study assigned a novel role to MKK2 as a regulator of primary root growth and a (potential) regulator of auxin biosynthesis and signalling, and suggests the importance of the MKK2 Thr31 phosphorylation site for growth regulation in the Arabidopsis root tip.

scholarly journals Diversity in spindle morphology in Arabidopsis root tip

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Roy C. Brown ◽  
Fred D. Sack
Keyword(s):  
Root Tip ◽  
Arabidopsis Root

scholarly journals AtATG Genes, Homologs of Yeast Autophagy Genes, are Involved in Constitutive Autophagy in Arabidopsis Root Tip Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1641-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Inoue ◽  
Takao Suzuki ◽  
Masaki Hattori ◽  
Kohki Yoshimoto ◽  
Yoshinori Ohsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Tip ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

scholarly journals AtNIGT1/HRS1 integrates nitrate and phosphate signals at the Arabidopsis root tip

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Medici ◽  
Amy Marshall-Colon ◽  
Elsa Ronzier ◽  
Wojciech Szponarski ◽  
Rongchen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Tip ◽  
Arabidopsis Root

scholarly journals Light dynamically regulates growth rate and cellular organisation of the Arabidopsis root meristem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Blein ◽  
Jasmin Duerr ◽  
Taras Pasternak ◽  
Thomas Haser ◽  
Thorsten Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Meristematic Zone ◽  
Proliferation Zone ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Arabidopsis Root

1AbstractLarge-scale methods and robust algorithms are needed for a quantitative analysis of cells status/geometry in situ. It allows the understanding the cellular mechanisms that direct organ growth in response to internal and environmental cues. Using advanced whole-stack imaging in combination with pattern analysis, we have developed a new approach to investigate root zonation under different dark/light conditions. This method is based on the determination of 3 different parameters: cell length, cell volume and cell proliferation on the cell-layer level. This method allowed to build a precise quantitative 3D cell atlas of the Arabidopsis root tip. Using this approach we showed that the meristematic (proliferation) zone length differs between cell layers. Considering only the rapid increase of cortex cell length to determine the meristematic zone overestimates of the proliferation zone for epidermis/cortex and underestimates it for pericycle. The use of cell volume instead of cell length to define the meristematic zone correlates better with cell proliferation zone.

scholarly journals Live tracking of moving samples in confocal microscopy for vertically grown roots

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel von Wangenheim ◽  
Robert Hauschild ◽  
Matyáš Fendrych ◽  
Vanessa Barone ◽  
Eva Benková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Custom Software ◽  
Sample Position

Roots navigate through soil integrating environmental signals to orient their growth. The Arabidopsis root is a widely used model for developmental, physiological and cell biological studies. Live imaging greatly aids these efforts, but the horizontal sample position and continuous root tip displacement present significant difficulties. Here, we develop a confocal microscope setup for vertical sample mounting and integrated directional illumination. We present TipTracker – a custom software for automatic tracking of diverse moving objects usable on various microscope setups. Combined, this enables observation of root tips growing along the natural gravity vector over prolonged periods of time, as well as the ability to induce rapid gravity or light stimulation. We also track migrating cells in the developing zebrafish embryo, demonstrating the utility of this system in the acquisition of high-resolution data sets of dynamic samples. We provide detailed descriptions of the tools enabling the easy implementation on other microscopes.

scholarly journals Oscillating Gene Expression Determines Competence for Periodic Arabidopsis Root Branching

Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 329 (5997) ◽  
pp. 1306-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Moreno-Risueno ◽  
Jaimie M. Van Norman ◽  
Antonio Moreno ◽  
Jingyuan Zhang ◽  
Sebastian E. Ahnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Primary Axis ◽  
Cyclic Expression

Plants and animals produce modular developmental units in a periodic fashion. In plants, lateral roots form as repeating units along the root primary axis; however, the developmental mechanism regulating this process is unknown. We found that cyclic expression pulses of a reporter gene mark the position of future lateral roots by establishing prebranch sites and that prebranch site production and root bending are periodic. Microarray and promoter-luciferase studies revealed two sets of genes oscillating in opposite phases at the root tip. Genetic studies show that some oscillating transcriptional regulators are required for periodicity in one or both developmental processes. This molecular mechanism has characteristics that resemble molecular clock–driven activities in animal species.

scholarly journals Metaphloem development in the Arabidopsis root tip

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Graeff ◽  
Christian Hardtke
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Phloem Transport ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cell Niche

The phloem transport network is a major evolutionary innovation that enabled plants to dominate terrestrial ecosystems. In the growth apices, the meristems, apical stem cells continuously produce early, so-called protophloem. This is easily observed in Arabidopsis root meristems, where the differentiation of individual protophloem sieve element precursors into interconnected, conducting sieve tubes is laid out in a spatio-temporal gradient. The mature protophloem eventually collapses as the neighboring metaphloem takes over its function further distal from the stem cell niche. Compared to protophloem, metaphloem ontogenesis is poorly characterized, primarily because its visualization is challenging. Here we describe an improved protocol to investigate metaphloem development in Arabidopsis root tips in combination with a set of new molecular markers. We found that mature metaphloem sieve elements are only observed in the late post-meristematic root although their specification is initiated as soon as protophloem sieve elements enucleate. Moreover, unlike protophloem sieve elements, metaphloem sieve elements only differentiate once they have fully elongated. Finally, our results suggest that metaphloem differentiation is not directly controlled by protophloem-derived cues but rather follows a distinct, robust developmental trajectory.

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