scholarly journals Vulnerability and hydraulic segmentations at the stem–leaf transition: coordination across Neotropical trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Levionnois ◽  
Camille Ziegler ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Emma Calvet ◽  
Sabrina Coste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neotropical Trees ◽  
Stem Leaf

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH JAGUNG MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK PENYUBURAN LAHAN PERTANIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

The use of maize waste plant materials (stem, leaf, and husk cover) have high economic value to be processed become organic fertilizer for agricultural land fertilizer. Maize have several and quite high contents of macro and micro nutrients. This activity was hoped that the farmers can overcome the increasing price of inorganic fertilizer recently and furthermore farmers can reap higher income. Beside higher income the use of organic fertilizer can improve the nature and behaviourof land through improving of soil chemical, soil physical, and soil microorganism. Therefore, the appropriate technology for processing of maize become organic fertilizer is very important to be diffused or socialized to farmers.Keywords: fertilizer, maize waste

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Novel Thiazole PPO Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Guihua Ren ◽  
Dan Pei ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Spray Treatment

Background: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and heme, also the target of different types of herbicides. Thiazole compounds shown excellent biological activity, can be designed by using active groups docking for new PPO inhibitors. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthsize a series of aryl thiazole compounds as PPO inhibitors. Methods: In this study, a series of aryl thiazole compounds derivatives 11a-l were obtained from 2- chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid as the starting material via esterification, Iron powder reduction, diazotization, Hantzsch reaction and final acylation. All synthesized compounds have been tested for their herbicidal activities as a PPO inhibitors. Results: The Petri dish test indicated that all compounds exhibited good herbicidal activities at 200 mg/L using culture dish. And the post-emergence tests showed that at 150g.ai/ha on weed stem leaf spray treatment, some of the title compounds exhibited 80% inhibition rate against the dicotyledonou weeds Amaranthus retroflexus and Eclipta prostrate. Conclusion: Good activity was noted for some compounds that compounds 11a, 11b, 11c, 11g, 11h had 80% inhibition on stems and leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus at 150g.ai/ha.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding frequency and meal size on amounts of total and parotid saliva secreted by sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Carter ◽  
O. Brian Allen ◽  
W. Larry Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Saliva Production

Total and unilateral parotid saliva production during eating were measured in response to offering sheep a fixed amount of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay as one, two, four or eight meals. Total saliva measurements were obtained using sham-fed oesophageal-fistulated sheep. Unilateral parotid saliva was collected from sheep fitted with reversible re-entrant cannulas. Dry matter intakes and eating times were measured for each meal but were not constrained to particular values. Total and unilateral parotid saliva production during eating increased linearly with the log of the number of meals (p = 0.0001). The amounts corresponding to one, two, four and eight meals of lucerne hay were 1553, 1737, 1851 and 2087 ml during total collections and 209, 248, 307 and 352 ml during unilateral parotid collections. The time-period spent eating and the amount of food consumed both increased as meal number increased. Total saliva collections when lucerne hay was sham-fed as one, two, four or eight meals were associated with eating times of 56.9, 57.4, 70.8 and 86.0 min and intakes of 562, 622, 629 and 638 g dry matter respectively. For unilateral parotid collections, eating times and dry matter intakes were 64.2, 71.3, 78.0, 82.1 min and 515, 579, 614 and 627 g for one, two, four and eight meals of lucerne hay respectively. The saliva production response appeared to be determined through the effects of the time-period spent eating and amounts consumed, but other undetermined effects of feeding frequency contributed to the response. The importance of meal duration on total saliva production was assessed by sham-feeding of 800 g lucerne as stem, leaf, hay, chopped hay or ground and pelleted hay. Increasing meal duration by feeding with stems resulted in the production of 1808 ml saliva, whereas the rapid consumption of pellets resulted in only 442 ml being produced.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. Volatiles on Selected Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Shixing Zhou ◽  
Toshmatov Zokir ◽  
Yu Mei ◽  
Lijing Lei ◽  
Kai Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stem Leaf

The chemical profile and allelopathic effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a dominant shrub Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. growing in northwestern China was investigated for the first time. Serphidium kaschgaricu was found to release volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect other plants’ growth, with its VOCs suppressing root elongation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L. by 65.47% and 60.37% at 10 g/1.5 L treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile oils produced by stems, leaves, flowers and flowering shoots exhibited phytotoxic activity against A. retroflexus and P. annua. At 0.5 mg/mL, stem, leaf and flower oils significantly reduced seedling growth of the receiver plants, and 1.5 mg/mL oils nearly completely prohibited seed germination of both species. GC/MS analysis revealed that among the total 37 identified compounds in the oils, 19 of them were common, with eucalyptol (43.00%, 36.66%, 19.52%, and 38.68% in stem, leaf, flower and flowering shoot oils, respectively) and camphor (21.55%, 24.91%, 21.64%, and 23.35%, respectively) consistently being the dominant constituents in all oils. Eucalyptol, camphor and their mixture exhibited much weaker phytotoxicity compared with the volatile oils, implying that less abundant compounds in the volatile oil might contribute significantly to the oils’ activity. Our results suggested that S. kaschgaricum was capable of synthesizing and releasing allelopathic volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect neighboring plants’ growth, which might improve its competitiveness thus facilitate the establishment of dominance.

scholarly journals Laboratory model test study of the hydrological effect on granite residual soil slopes considering different vegetation types

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xue-wen Lei ◽  
Han-lin Zhang ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Granite Residual Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

AbstractThe problems caused by the interaction between slopes and hydrologic environment in traffic civil engineering are very serious in the granite residual soil area of China, especially in Guangdong Province. Against the background of two heavy rainfall events occurring during a short period due to a typhoon making landfall twice or even two typhoons consecutively making landfall, laboratory model tests were carried out on the hydrological effects of the granite residual soil slope considering three vegetation types under artificial rainfall. The variation in slope surface runoff, soil moisture content and rain seepage over time was recorded during the tests. The results indicate that surface vegetation first effectively reduces the splash erosion impact of rainwater on slopes and then influences the slope hydrological effect through rainwater forms adjustment. (1) The exposed slope has weak resistance to two consecutive heavy rains, the degree of slope scouring and soil erosion damage will increase greatly during the second rainfall. (2) The multiple hindrances of the stem leaf of Zoysia japonica plays a leading role in regulating the hydrological effect of slope, the root system has little effect on the permeability and water storage capacity of slope soil, but improves the erosion resistance of it. (3) Both the stem leaf and root system of Nephrolepis cordifolia have important roles on the hydrological effect. The stem leaf can stabilize the infiltration of rainwater, and successfully inhibit the surface runoff under continuous secondary heavy rainfall. The root system significantly enhances the water storage capacity of the slope, and greatly increases the permeability of the slope soil in the second rainfall, which is totally different from that of the exposed and Zoysia japonica slopes. (4) Zoysia is a suitable vegetation species in terms of slope protection because of its comprehensive slope protection effect. Nephrolepis cordifolia should be cautiously planted as slope protection vegetation. Only on slopes with no stability issues should Nephrolepis cordifolia be considered to preserve soil and water.

scholarly journals Analysis and Mapping of Gene Families Encoding β-1,3-Glucanases of Soybean

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Wei Jin ◽  
Harry T Horner ◽  
Reid G Palmer ◽  
Randy C Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Stem Leaf

Abstract Oligonucleotide primers designed for conserved sequences from coding regions of β-1,3-glucanase genes from different species were used to amplify related sequences from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Sequencing and cross-hybridization of amplification products indicated that at least 12 classes of β-1,3-glucanase genes exist in the soybean. Members of classes mapped to 34 loci on five different linkage groups using an F2 population of 56 individuals. β-1,3-Glucanase genes are clustered onto regions of five linkage groups. Data suggest that more closely related genes are clustered together on one linkage group or on duplicated regions of linkage groups. Northern blot analyses performed on total RNA from root, stem, leaf, pod, flower bud, and hypocotyl using DNA probes for the different classes of β-1,3-glucanase genes revealed that the mRNA levels of all classes were low in young leaves. SGlu2, SGlu4, SGlu7, and SGlu12 mRNA were highly accumulated in young roots and hypocotyls. SGlu7 mRNA also accumulated in pods and flower buds.

scholarly journals Organ-Specific Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Analysis of Parthenium hysterophorus L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Rita Bagheri ◽  
Humayra Bashir ◽  
M. Affan Baig ◽  
Asma Al-Huqail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Stem Leaf

Parthenium hysterophorus is a weed of global concern with high threshold of tolerance against most of biotic and abiotic stresses. Phytochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant analysis may help in understanding its tolerance to stresses. Root, stem, leaf, phyllary, and receptacle (including disc and ray florets) were chemotyped employing GC tof-MS and assessed for antioxidant activity by DPPH, FRAP, HRSA, and TAC assays. Phytochemicals identified were terpenes, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, phytosterols, and compounds of miscellaneous chemical nature. Organ-specific maximum concentration of metabolite was β-vatirenene (root), hexadecanoic acid methylester (stem), aristolene epoxide (leaf), hexadecanoic acid methylester (phyllary), and hexadecanoic acid methylester (receptacle). Identified metabolites could be associated with stress tolerance mechanisms, basic metabolism, and allelopathy, etc. Root extracts showed highest antioxidant potential followed by receptacle. It can be concluded that diverse and unique phytochemical profile and great antioxidant potential make P. hysterophorus stress-tolerant, hence a weed of global habitat.

Automatic stem-leaf segmentation of maize shoots using three-dimensional point cloud

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 106310
Author(s):  
Teng Miao ◽  
Chao Zhu ◽  
Tongyu Xu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leaf Segmentation ◽  
Stem Leaf

Immunoenhancement effects of chitosan-modified ginseng stem-leaf saponins-encapsulated cubosomes as an ajuvant

2021 ◽  
pp. 111799
Author(s):  
Tianxin Qiu ◽  
Pengfei Gu ◽  
Adelijiang Wusiman ◽  
Haiyu Ni ◽  
Shuwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Leaf
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