scholarly journals Age-dependent leaf physiology and consequences for crown-scale carbon uptake during the dry season in an Amazon evergreen forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 870-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren P. Albert ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Neill Prohaska ◽  
Plinio Barbosa de Camargo ◽  
Travis E. Huxman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Effects of dry‐season irrigation on leaf physiology and biomass allocation in tropical lianas and trees

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris M. Smith‐Martin ◽  
Carolina L. Bastos ◽  
Omar R. Lopez ◽  
Jennifer S. Powers ◽  
Stefan A. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Physiology

Estimating seasonal abundance and habitat use of small carnivores in the Western Ghats using an occupancy approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riddhika Kalle ◽  
Tharmalingam Ramesh ◽  
Qamar Qureshi ◽  
Kalyanasundaram Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Leopard Cat

Abstract:Rigorous population studies on many small carnivores are lacking in India. Presence-absence models with habitat covariates were applied to estimate seasonal occupancy and abundance of nine small-carnivore species from camera-trap data in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (2010 and 2011). We deployed 25 camera-trap stations in the deciduous forest, 21 in the semi-evergreen forest and 26 in the dry thorn forest. In total, 7380 trap-nights yielded 448 photographs of small carnivores: jungle cat (n = 72), leopard cat (n = 6), rusty-spotted cat (n = 11), small Indian civet (n = 89), common palm civet (n = 37), brown palm civet (n = 20), stripe-necked mongoose (n = 66), ruddy mongoose (n = 96) and Indian grey mongoose (n = 51). In the dry season, rusty-spotted cat was the rarest carnivore with an average abundance (λmean) of 0.24 ± 0.26, while ruddy mongoose was the most abundant (λmean = 0.90 ± 0.40). In the wet season, leopard cat was the rarest species (λmean = 0.048 ± 0.041) while grey mongoose was the most abundant (λmean = 0.68 ± 0.35). Abundance of jungle cat, common palm civet, ruddy mongoose and grey mongoose increased in the dry thorn forest whereas in the dry season abundance of small Indian civet decreased in this forest type. Abundance of leopard cat and small Indian civet was not influenced by habitat in the wet season. Deciduous forest was positively associated with abundance of rusty-spotted cat. Deciduous and semi-evergreen forests had a positive effect on abundance of stripe-necked mongoose while the latter was a positive predictor of abundance and occupancy for brown palm civet. Improved modelling approaches can account for the spatio-temporal variation in habitat use of small carnivores occupying specialized niches in heterogeneous tropical forests of southern India.

Evapotranspiration during the late rainy season and middle of the dry season in the watershed of an evergreen forest area, central Cambodia

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiko Nobuhiro ◽  
Akira Shimizu ◽  
Naoki Kabeya ◽  
Koji Tamai ◽  
Eriko Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Evergreen Forest

The Eradication of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newst. in Part of a River Flood Plain in Northern Nigeria by Chemical Means

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. R. MacLennan ◽  
W. W. Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Forest Islands ◽  
Mitragyna Inermis

The significance of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newst. to the livestock economy of Northern Nigeria is mentioned. Differences in the ecology of the fly have been noted in the Guinea and Sudan savannah zones, respectively. In the former, its distribution is relatively widespread and diffuse, whereas in the latter it is restricted to linear strips associated with river flood plains. The area dealt with in the present work lies in the Sudan zone. The relationship of the fly to its vegetational environment is described, there being a marked concentration of almost the whole tsetse population in evergreen forest islands of relatively limited extent in the second half of the dry season. The source of food is mainly warthog, which were numerous in the area.A focus of the fly, covering an area of seven square miles, in which the dryseason concentration sites, mainly forest islands, amounted to approximately 200 acres, was selected for an experiment. It was isolated from the main focus by a natural barrier five miles wide.Possible eradication measures in this focus are mentioned and reasons given for adopting the application of a residual insecticide.DDT, in the form of a 50 per cent, wettable powder as a 5 per cent, suspension of actual DDT in water, was applied, during the second half of the dry season, at an estimated rate of 20 lb. per acre to the evergreen forest islands, which had previously had paths slashed around and through them. Pneumatic knapsack sprayers were used. A preliminary trial showed that, for up to six weeks after application of the insecticide, examples of G. morsitans from unsprayed forest, placed in contact with sprayed leaves and bark, died in three hours, controls remaining alive for 24 hours. It is suggested that this good persistence may be attributable to the fact that the treated surfaces were in the shade, and that the application was made during the rainless season and at a time when the vegetation was dormant. There was a rapid decline in the population of G. morsitans after spraying. The flies persisted longest (5 weeks) in a site associated with Mitragyna inermis. One application only was given to one part of the focus and in many others one application would probably have sufficed, the second being given in most instances to control G. tachinoides Westw., which was also present, and only in two instances for the eradication of G. morsitans that persisted after the first application. One of these was the site associated with Mitragyna inermis, mentioned above. The last specimen of G. morsitans was caught five weeks after the first application, and none has been caught in the sprayed area for up to 18 months after spraying. The cost of the insecticide and labour to apply it amounted to £700 for an area of seven square miles of focus in which the dryseason concentration sites to which insecticide was applied amounted to approximately 200 acres. The final result regarding G. tachinoides was indefinite for reasons which are mentioned.

Estimation of arboreal arthropod density in a dry evergreen forest in Northeastern Thailand

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Watanabe ◽  
Sawaeng Ruaysoongnern
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Dry Evergreen Forest ◽  
Arboreal Arthropods ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

ABSTRACTThe density of arboreal arthropods in a dry evergreen forest in Northeastern Thailand was investigated by the insecticide fogging (knockdown) method. Arthropod densities of 256.4 and 140.4 m-2 were recorded in the dry season and 195.2 and 123.1 m-2 in the rainy season. The main orders were Collembola, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera (mainly Formicidae) and Hemiptera. Distinct differences were not found in the arthropod faunal structure and density between the dry and rainy seasons. However, this fauna is completely eliminated by the clearing and burning of forest for shifting cultivation.The results of an experiment investigating the rate of arthropod fall after application of insecticide are presented and problems concerning the efficiency of the estimation methods used in this study are discussed.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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