scholarly journals Abscisic acid regulates root growth under osmotic stress conditions via an interacting hormonal network with cytokinin, ethylene and auxin

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Rowe ◽  
Jennifer F. Topping ◽  
Junli Liu ◽  
Keith Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stress Conditions

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2C Genes to Modulate Abscisic Acid Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9517
Author(s):  
Choonkyun Jung ◽  
Nguyen Hoai Nguyen ◽  
Jong-Joo Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Pp2c Gene

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) triggers cellular tolerance responses to osmotic stress caused by drought and salinity. ABA controls the turgor pressure of guard cells in the plant epidermis, leading to stomatal closure to minimize water loss. However, stomatal apertures open to uptake CO2 for photosynthesis even under stress conditions. ABA modulates its signaling pathway via negative feedback regulation to maintain plant homeostasis. In the nuclei of guard cells, the clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) counteract SnRK2 kinases by physical interaction, and thereby inhibit activation of the transcription factors that mediate ABA-responsive gene expression. Under osmotic stress conditions, PP2Cs bind to soluble ABA receptors to capture ABA and release active SnRK2s. Thus, PP2Cs function as a switch at the center of the ABA signaling network. ABA induces the expression of genes encoding repressors or activators of PP2C gene transcription. These regulators mediate the conversion of PP2C chromatins from a repressive to an active state for gene transcription. The stress-induced chromatin remodeling states of ABA-responsive genes could be memorized and transmitted to plant progeny; i.e., transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. This review focuses on the mechanism by which PP2C gene transcription modulates ABA signaling.

Identification of QTLs for shoot and root growth under ionic–osmotic stress in Lotus, using a RIL population

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gastón Quero ◽  
Lucía Gutíerrez ◽  
Ramiro Lascano ◽  
Jorge Monza ◽  
Niels Sandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Parental Allele ◽  
Ionic Stress ◽  
Ril Population

The genus Lotus includes a group of forage legume species including genotypes of agronomic interest and model species. In this work, an experimental hydroponic growth system allowed the discrimination of growth responses to ionic–osmotic stress in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from L. japonicus × L. burttii and the identification of the associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The analyses led to the identification of eight QTLs: three for shoot growth localised on chromosome 3, 5 and 6; one for root growth on chromosome 1; three for total growth on chromosome 1, 4 and 5; and one associated with shoot/root ratio on chromosome 3. An interaction of QTL × stress condition was established and the effect of the environment quantified. In summary, it was established that the allele from L. burttii explained most responses to osmotic stress, while the alleles of L. japonicus explained the responses related to ionic stress conditions. Of 49 markers linked to all QTLs identified, 41 expressed superiority of the L. burttii parental allele in the osmotic stress condition, but when an iso-osmotic concentration of NaCl was applied, L. burttii lost superiority in 21 of these markers. This shows the superiority of the L. japonicus parental allele in ionic stress conditions. This study is the first report in which a RIL population of lotus is analysed with the aim of providing molecular markers associated with plant responses to ionic or osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Natural Root Cellular Variation in Responses to Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Cajero-Sanchez ◽  
Pamela Aceves-Garcia ◽  
María Fernández-Marcos ◽  
Crisanto Gutiérrez ◽  
Ulises Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Root Tissues

Arabidopsis naturally occurring populations have allowed for the identification of considerable genetic variation remodeled by adaptation to different environments and stress conditions. Water is a key resource that limits plant growth, and its availability is initially sensed by root tissues. The root’s ability to adjust its physiology and morphology under water deficit makes this organ a useful model to understand how plants respond to water stress. Here, we used hyperosmotic shock stress treatments in different Arabidopsis accessions to analyze the root cell morphological responses. We found that osmotic stress conditions reduced root growth and root apical meristem (RAM) size, promoting premature cell differentiation without affecting the stem cell niche morphology. This phenotype was accompanied by a cluster of small epidermal and cortex cells with radial expansion and root hairs at the transition to the elongation zone. We also found this radial expansion with root hairs when plants are grown under hypoosmotic conditions. Finally, root growth was less affected by osmotic stress in the Sg-2 accession followed by Ws, Cvi-0, and Col-0; however, after a strong osmotic stress, Sg-2 and Cvi-0 were the most resilience accessions. The sensitivity differences among these accessions were not explained by stress-related gene expression. This work provides new cellular insights on the Arabidopsis root phenotypic variability and plasticity to osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Silicon Stimulates Plant Growth and Metabolism in Rice Plants under Conventional and Osmotic Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera ◽  
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽  
Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino ◽  
Lucero del Mar Ruíz-Posadas ◽  
Ernesto Gabriel Alcántar-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Peg 8000

Exogenous silicon (Si) can enhance plant resistance to various abiotic factors causing osmotic stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of 1 and 2 mM Si to plants under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Morelos A-98 rice seedlings, were treated with 1 and 2 mM SiO2 for 28 d. Subsequently, half of the plants were subjected to osmotic stress with the addition of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000; and continued with the addition of Si (0, 1 and 2 mM SiO2) for both conditions. The application of Si under both conditions increased chlorophyll b in leaves, root volume, as well as fresh and dry biomass of roots. Interestingly, the number of tillers, shoot fresh and dry biomass, shoot water content, concentration of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and the concentration of total sugars and proline in shoot increased with the addition of Si under osmotic stress conditions. The addition of Si under normal conditions decreased the concentration of sugars in the roots, K and Mn in roots, and increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in shoots. Therefore, Si can be used as a potent inorganic biostimulant in rice Morelos A-98 since it stimulates plant growth and modulates the concentration of vital biomolecules and essential nutrients.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
María Belén Cuadrado-Pedetti ◽  
Inés Rauschert ◽  
María Martha Sainz ◽  
Vítor Amorim-Silva ◽  
Miguel Angel Botella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean

Mutations in the Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 (TTL1) gene cause reduced tolerance to osmotic stress evidenced by an arrest in root growth and root swelling, which makes it an interesting model to explore how root growth is controlled under stress conditions. We found that osmotic stress reduced the growth rate of the primary root by inhibiting the cell elongation in the elongation zone followed by a reduction in the number of cortical cells in the proximal meristem. We then studied the stiffness of epidermal cell walls in the root elongation zone of ttl1 mutants under osmotic stress using atomic force microscopy. In plants grown in control conditions, the mean apparent elastic modulus was 448% higher for live Col-0 cell walls than for ttl1 (88.1 ± 2.8 vs. 16.08 ± 6.9 kPa). Seven days of osmotic stress caused an increase in the stiffness in the cell wall of the cells from the elongation zone of 87% and 84% for Col-0 and ttl1, respectively. These findings suggest that TTL1 may play a role controlling cell expansion orientation during root growth, necessary for osmotic stress adaptation.

Natürliche Hemmstoffe von Keimung und Wachstum, I Ausarbeitung eines quantitativen Biotests und Anwendung auf Extrakte aus Spelzen von Avena sativa L. / Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, I. Development of a Quantitative Biotest and Application upon Extracts from Husks of Avena sativa L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Karl ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Carbonic Acids ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Extracts from oat husks inhibit germination of a variety of seeds including Avena sativa L., Sorghum spec., Phalleris spec., Raphanus spec., Amaranthus caudatus, Lepidium sativum L. A quantitative assay for this inhibition was developed on the basis of percentage of root growth of Avena in the presence of extracted material compared with root growth of water controls. Fractionation of the extracts revealed that about half of the total inhibitory activity was found in the fraction of free organic acids. The inhibition was not due to known inhibitors. Abscisic acid. was not found in this extract. Phenole carbonic acids were determined in the extract. Their con­centration was too low to significantly contribute to the observed inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals In vitro seed germination response of corn hybrids to osmotic stress conditions

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hunt Walne ◽  
Annabeth Gaudin ◽  
W. Brien Henry ◽  
Kambham Raja Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Germination Response
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