Luminal short‐chain fatty acids and 5‐HT acutely activate myenteric neurons in the mouse proximal colon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Fung ◽  
Bert Cools ◽  
Sergio Malagola ◽  
Tobias Martens ◽  
Jan Tack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Motor effects of short-chain fatty acids and lactate in the gastrointestinal tract

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cherbut
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) affect local and remote motility of the gastrointestinal tract by mechanisms that are not completely understood. In the large intestine where they are produced, they inhibit peristaltic activity and may stimulate tonic activity. When present in the terminal ileum as a result of reflux of colon contents, they elicit propulsive contractions. These local motor effects could involve a neuro-hormonal sensory mechanism located in the mucosa of the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Finally, through a humoral pathway probably involving polypeptide YY release, ileal and colonic SCFA modify upper motility by inducing relaxation of the proximal stomach and lower oesophageal sphincter and reducing gastric emptying. One characteristic feature of the SCFA effects is the dose-dependency of the gastrointestinal motor responses. Indeed, the effects occur only below or above a threshold of SCFA concentration in lumen contents. One putative physiological role of the motor effects of SCFA might be to maintain the physico-chemical balance of the lumen environment in the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Another role might be to co-regulate motility of the upper intestine. The clinical relevance of these effects is unclear. However, some recent findings suggest that excessive SCFA concentrations might induce adverse effects on gastrointestinal and colonic motility and sensitivity in certain diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Influence of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Iron Absorption by Proximal Colon

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bouglé ◽  
N. Vaghefi-Vaezzadeh ◽  
N. Roland ◽  
G. Bouvard ◽  
P. Arhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. R1269-R1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Fukumoto ◽  
Makoto Tatewaki ◽  
Tadanori Yamada ◽  
Mineko Fujimiya ◽  
Chris Mantyh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

We studied whether physiological concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affects colonic transit and colonic motility in conscious rats. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs (100–200 mM) into the proximal colon significantly accelerated colonic transit. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was abolished by perivagal capsaicin treatment, atropine, hexamethonium, and vagotomy, but not by guanethidine. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was also abolished by intraluminal pretreatment with lidocaine and a 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)3 receptor antagonist. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs provoked contractions at the proximal colon, which migrated to the mid- and distal colon. SCFAs caused a significant increase in the luminal concentration of 5-HT of the vascularly isolated and luminally perfused rat colon ex vivo. It is suggested that the release of 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells in response to SCFAs stimulates 5-HT3 receptors located on the vagal sensory fibers. The sensory information is transferred to the vagal efferent and stimulates the release of acetylcholine from the colonic myenteric plexus, resulting in muscle contraction.

scholarly journals Acetate, butyrate and proline uptake in the caecum and colon of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

1993 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-297
Author(s):  
I. D. Hume ◽  
W. H. Karasov ◽  
B. W. Darken
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Acetate Butyrate ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

We have measured unidirectional uptake (not transmural flux) of acetate, butyrate and proline by everted sleeves of intact tissue from the jejunum, caecum, proximal colon and distal colon of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). There was active (i.e. Na(+)-dependent) transport of L-proline in the jejunum, but we found no evidence for it in any region of the hindgut (i.e. the caecum, proximal colon and distal colon). Uptake of acetate was carrier-mediated in all three regions of the hindgut, but the Jmax and apparent Km (< or = 1.5 mmol l-1) were low, and uptake was primarily passive over the concentration range 10–50 mmol l-1, which spanned measured acetate levels in the caecum and proximal colon. At 100 mmol l-1, acetate uptake (nmol min-1 cm-2) was higher (P < 0.001) in distal colon (359 +/− 33) than in the proximal colon (225 +/− 17) and caecum (150 +/− 5) (mean +/− S.E., N = 8). Uptakes summed over the length of each region were also higher (P < 0.001) in the distal colon at 100 mmol l-1, but not at low concentrations (0.1 mmol l-1). Uptakes normalized to diffusion coefficients were higher for butyrate than acetate and were lowest for L-glucose (which is absorbed passively via an aqueous pathway) in all regions, indicating that uptake of the short-chain fatty acids involves solubilization in the lipid bilayer of the apical membrane. The short-chain fatty acids absorbed from the hindgut of the vole were equivalent to 22% of standard metabolic rate or 15% of resting (but fed) metabolic rate.

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the ethylene pathway in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum during germination

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Gallardo ◽  
Paloma Munoz De Rueda ◽  
Angel Jesus Matilla ◽  
Isabel Maria Sanchez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 92-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI HUANG ◽  
YONG XU ◽  
YOUHUA XU ◽  
LUPING ZHOU ◽  
CHENLIN GAO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1898-P: Colonic Short-Chain Fatty Acids Lower Endogenous Glucose Production

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1898-P
Author(s):  
ADELINA I.L. LANE ◽  
SAVANNA N. WENINGER ◽  
FRANK DUCA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Endogenous Glucose ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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