scholarly journals Motor effects of short-chain fatty acids and lactate in the gastrointestinal tract

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cherbut
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) affect local and remote motility of the gastrointestinal tract by mechanisms that are not completely understood. In the large intestine where they are produced, they inhibit peristaltic activity and may stimulate tonic activity. When present in the terminal ileum as a result of reflux of colon contents, they elicit propulsive contractions. These local motor effects could involve a neuro-hormonal sensory mechanism located in the mucosa of the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Finally, through a humoral pathway probably involving polypeptide YY release, ileal and colonic SCFA modify upper motility by inducing relaxation of the proximal stomach and lower oesophageal sphincter and reducing gastric emptying. One characteristic feature of the SCFA effects is the dose-dependency of the gastrointestinal motor responses. Indeed, the effects occur only below or above a threshold of SCFA concentration in lumen contents. One putative physiological role of the motor effects of SCFA might be to maintain the physico-chemical balance of the lumen environment in the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Another role might be to co-regulate motility of the upper intestine. The clinical relevance of these effects is unclear. However, some recent findings suggest that excessive SCFA concentrations might induce adverse effects on gastrointestinal and colonic motility and sensitivity in certain diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. R1269-R1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Fukumoto ◽  
Makoto Tatewaki ◽  
Tadanori Yamada ◽  
Mineko Fujimiya ◽  
Chris Mantyh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

We studied whether physiological concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affects colonic transit and colonic motility in conscious rats. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs (100–200 mM) into the proximal colon significantly accelerated colonic transit. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was abolished by perivagal capsaicin treatment, atropine, hexamethonium, and vagotomy, but not by guanethidine. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was also abolished by intraluminal pretreatment with lidocaine and a 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)3 receptor antagonist. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs provoked contractions at the proximal colon, which migrated to the mid- and distal colon. SCFAs caused a significant increase in the luminal concentration of 5-HT of the vascularly isolated and luminally perfused rat colon ex vivo. It is suggested that the release of 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells in response to SCFAs stimulates 5-HT3 receptors located on the vagal sensory fibers. The sensory information is transferred to the vagal efferent and stimulates the release of acetylcholine from the colonic myenteric plexus, resulting in muscle contraction.

scholarly journals In vitro contractile effects of short chain fatty acids in the rat terminal ileum.

Gut ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cherbut ◽  
A C Aube ◽  
H M Blottiere ◽  
P Pacaud ◽  
C Scarpignato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Short-chain fatty acids: nutritional strategies to modulate intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Marcos Porto Arrais de Souza ◽  
Morgana Andrade Freitas ◽  
Carla Braga Campelo de Oliveira ◽  
Lorena Almeida Brito ◽  
Julio Cesar Chaves Nunes Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Introduction: The intestinal microbiota has been the subject of research due to its association in physiological and pathological conditions. The production of short chain fatty acids obtained by fermentation of the intestinal microbiota has shown important effects on the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, immune system and nervous system. Objective: This literature review aims to present different nutritional strategies with the potential to modulate the intestinal microbiota by increasing the production of short chain fatty acids. Methods: The research was considered a review work, through a bibliographic survey carried out from the collection of articles in English, published in the PubMed database, in the period from 2013 to 2020. The articles were selected from the descriptors: gut microbiota, soluble fiber, resistent starch, pectin, dietary fiber, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) with the combinations of the Boolean operators “and” and “or”. Studies considered as gray literature were excluded, as well as studies in which the titles were not related to the theme of the proposed research. Results: There are many benefits to consuming foods that may favor the increase of short chain fatty acids. This increase in the gastrointestinal tract is of fundamental importance for the maintenance of intestinal microbiota and prevention of diseases. Some nutritional strategies can be used in clinical therapy, such as increased consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains that are plant foods and important sources of fiber. The type of food must be observed, since each one can contain fibers of diverse types. Soluble fiber is the basis for the metabolization of short chain fatty acids and is found in various foods that can be inserted into the food plan, such as: bananas, apples, oats, barley, cooked and cooled potatoes, partially ground seeds, corn, morning cereal, agave, artichoke, asparagus, chicory root, garlic, onion, leeks and wheat. Conclusion: Scientific evidence of the relationship between nutrition, intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production demonstrates the importance of implementing simple nutritional strategies by health professionals, which can contribute to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and the development of new perspectives in the development of therapies for prevention and treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals The Short-Chain Fatty Acids Propionate and Butyrate Augment Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Virulence but Repress Inflammation in a Human Intestinal Enteroid Model of Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Pace ◽  
Sara E. Rudolph ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Bin Bao ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Environment ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The human terminal ileum and colon are colonized by a community of microbes known as the microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) excreted by bacterial members of the microbiota define the intestinal environment.

Anionic leak currents through the Na+/monocarboxylate cotransporter SMCT1

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. C124-C131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Coady ◽  
Bernadette Wallendorff ◽  
Francis Bourgeois ◽  
Jean-Yves Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Leak Current ◽  
Outward Rectification ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SMCT1 is a Na-coupled cotransporter of short chain monocarboxylates, which is expressed in the apical membrane of diverse epithelia such as colon, renal cortex, and thyroid. We previously reported that SMCT1 cotransport was reduced by extracellular Cl− replacement with cyclamate− and that the protein exhibited an ostensible anionic leak current. In this paper, we have revisited the interaction between small monovalent anions and SMCT cotransport and leak currents. We found that the apparent Cl− dependence of cotransport was due to inhibition of this protein by the replacement anion cyclamate, whereas several other replacement anions function as substrates for SMCT1; a suitable replacement anion (MES−) was identified. The observed outward leak currents represented anionic influx and favored larger anions (NO3−>I−>Br−>Cl−); currents in excess of 1 μA (at +50 mV) could be observed and exhibited a quasilinear relationship with anion concentrations up to 100 mM. Application of 25 mM bicarbonate did not produce measurable leak currents. The leak current displayed outward rectification, which disappeared when external Na+ was replaced by N-methyl-d-glucamine+. More precisely, external Na+ blocked the leak current in both directions, but its Ki value rose rapidly when membrane potential became positive. Thus SMCT1 possesses a anionic leak current that becomes significant whenever external Na+ concentration is reduced. The presence of this leak current may represent a second function for SMCT1 in addition to cotransporting short chain fatty acids, and future experiments will determine whether this function serves a physiological role in tissues where SMCT1 is expressed.

scholarly journals The Divergent Immunomodulatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Medium Chain Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6453
Author(s):  
Qi Hui Sam ◽  
Hua Ling ◽  
Wen Shan Yew ◽  
Zhaohong Tan ◽  
Sharada Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are derived from diet and fermentative processes by the intestinal flora. Two to five carbon chain fatty acids, termed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are increasingly recognized to play a role in intestinal homeostasis. However, the characteristics of slightly longer 6 to 10 carbon, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), derived primarily from diet, are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that SCFA and MCFA have divergent immunomodulatory propensities. SCFA down-attenuated host pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα response predominantly through the TLR4 pathway, whereas MCFA augmented inflammation through TLR2. Butyric (C4) and decanoic (C10) acid displayed most potent modulatory effects within the SCFA and MCFA, respectively. Reduction in TRAF3, IRF3 and TRAF6 expression were observed with butyric acid. Decanoic acid induced up-regulation of GPR84 and PPARγ and altered HIF-1α/HIF-2α ratio. These variant immune characteristics of the fatty acids which differ by just several carbon atoms may be attributable to their origins, with SCFA being primarily endogenous and playing a physiological role, and MCFA exogenously from the diet.

scholarly journals Short chain fatty acids in the terminal ileum accelerate stomach to caecum transit time in the rat.

Gut ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Richardson ◽  
A T Delbridge ◽  
N J Brown ◽  
R D Rumsey ◽  
N W Read
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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