Intraspecific genetic variation and biogeographic history of the arid relict shrub Amygdalus pedunculata (Rosaceae) in northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wei ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Song‐Mei Ma ◽  
Chen‐Rong Ren ◽  
YingBin Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Variation

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and biogeographic history inform future conservation management strategies for the rare sunset frog (Spicospina flammocaerulea)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Edwards ◽  
J. D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population History ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

Outlining the distribution of genetic variation, patterns of gene flow and clarifying the biogeographic processes underlying population history are critical components of a comprehensive conservation strategy for endangered or vulnerable species. We provide this information for the vulnerable sunset frog (Spicospina flammocaerulea) using a comprehensive genetic dataset (ND2) with samples from 17 of 22 geographic localities where this species has been found. From genetic, biogeographic and coalescent-based analyses, we document the existing genetic variation, likely movement patterns and explore the biogeographic history of S. flammocaerulea. While catchment-based genetic variation is well documented in other high-rainfall taxa in south-western Australia, a much more complex scenario including dispersal across ridge lines between catchments better explains the distribution of genetic variation and observed patterns of gene flow in S. flammocaerulea. The population history of S. flammocaerulea is strongly indicative of recent population contraction and expansion, which may be related to late Pleistocene climate fluctuations. This suggests that this species can adapt or move in response to fluctuating climates provided suitable habitats or expansion areas are available. However, like many other endemic taxa with limited geographic ranges in south-western Australia, the potential to shift distributions is hampered by being land-locked within an agricultural landscape, limiting management options in the face of climate change.

scholarly journals A new species of Eogruidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China: Evolutionary and climatic implications

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Musser ◽  
Zhiheng Li ◽  
Julia A Clarke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Linxia Basin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Present Description ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite having one of the most robust fossil records within core-gruiform birds (rails, cranes, and allies), the biogeographic history of Gruidae (cranes) and key drivers of diversification within this group remain largely unknown. The Eogruidae of Eurasia represent some of the earliest known crane-like fossils. Here, we present description of a new species represented by a well-preserved specimen of a foot from the late Miocene (7–6.5 mya) Liushu Formation of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China. It is the only eogruid fossil that has been found in this formation and is the first eogruid known from northwest China. Linxia Basin is located along the margin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which allows for new insight into Miocene dispersal of the Eogruidae and potential climatological and geological connections. It is also the first specimen with an associated tarsometatarsus and nearly complete phalanges, including a claw, which provides further morphological information on this taxon. Referral of the new specimen to Eogruidae is based on extreme reduction of the trochlea of metatarsal II, which is most similar to the condition present in the eogruid subclade traditionally termed Ergilornithidae.

Population Genetics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Jody Hey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans has become one of the most widely used model research organisms, yet we have little information on evolutionary processes and recent evolutionary history of this widespread species. We examined patterns of variation at 20 microsatellite loci in a sample of 23 natural isolates of C. elegans from various parts of the world. One-half of the loci were monomorphic among all strains, and overall genetic variation at microsatellite loci was low, relative to most other species. Some population structure was detected, but there was no association between the genetic and geographic distances among different natural isolates. Thus, despite the nearly worldwide occurrence of C. elegans, little evidence was found for local adaptation in strains derived from different parts of the world. The low levels of genetic variation within and among populations suggest that recent colonization and population expansion might have occurred. However, the patterns of variation are not consistent with population expansion. A possible explanation for the observed patterns is the action of background selection to reduce polymorphism, coupled with ongoing gene flow among populations worldwide.

scholarly journals Amazonia as the Origin and Diversification Area of Didelphidae (Mammalia: Metatheria), and a Review of the Fossil Record of the Clade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela C. Castro ◽  
Murilo J. Dahur ◽  
Gabriel S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Fossil Records

AbstractDidelphidae is the largest New World radiation of marsupials, and is mostly represented by arboreal, small- to medium-sized taxa that inhabit tropical and/or subtropical forests. The group originated and remained isolated in South America for millions of years, until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. In this study, we present the first reconstruction of the biogeographic history of Didelphidae including all major clades, based on parametric models and stratified analyses over time. We also compiled all the pre-Quaternary fossil records of the group, and contrasted these data to our biogeographic inferences, as well as to major environmental events that occurred in the South American Cenozoic. Our results indicate the relevance of Amazonia in the early diversification of Didelphidae, including the divergence of the major clades traditionally ranked as subfamilies and tribes. Cladogeneses in other areas started in the late Miocene, an interval of intense shifts, especially in the northern portion of Andes and Amazon Basin. Occupation of other areas continued through the Pliocene, but few were only colonized in Quaternary times. The comparison between the biogeographic inference and the fossil records highlights some further steps towards better understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the clade. Finally, our results stress that the early history of didelphids is obscured by the lack of Paleogene fossils, which are still to be unearthed from low-latitude deposits of South America.

Evolution and biogeographic history of the Saguinus mystax group (Primates, Callithrichidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daysa Athaydes ◽  
Cayo A. R. Dias ◽  
Renato Gregorin ◽  
Fernando A. Perini
Keyword(s):  
Saguinus Mystax ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

Mitochondrial introgression and complex biogeographic history of the genus Picea

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Ran ◽  
Ting-Ting Shen ◽  
Wen-Juan Liu ◽  
Pei-Pei Wang ◽  
Xiao-Quan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Introgression ◽  
History Of

Genetic variation in allozymes of western larch

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Fins ◽  
Lisa W. Seeb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Inland Empire ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
History Of

Seed samples from 19 stands of Larixoccidentalis Nutt. were analyzed for electrophoretic variation at 23 loci. Because sample sizes consisted of only 9 or 10 trees per stand (18–20 alleles per locus per stand), samples were grouped by geographic proximity into four larger samples. For all measures of variation, this species scored lower than most, but within the range observed for other western conifers. Most of the variation was found within rather than between the population groups. The single southern sample appeared to be genetically distinct from the others. Although some variation was observed between individual stand samples in expected heterozygosity, the consistently low values for all samples suggest that genetic drift has played a major role in the genetic history of the species in the Inland Empire, both through its glacial history in postulated refugia and through fire history in recent times.

scholarly journals Systematic placement of an enigmatic Southeast Asian taxon Eupetes macrocerus and implications for the biogeography of a main songbird radiation, the Passerida

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud A Jønsson ◽  
Jon Fjeldså ◽  
Per G.P Ericson ◽  
Martin Irestedt
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Wallace’S Line

Biogeographic connections between Australia and other continents are still poorly understood although the plate tectonics of the Indo-Pacific region is now well described. Eupetes macrocerus is an enigmatic taxon distributed in a small area on the Malay Peninsula and on Sumatra and Borneo. It has generally been associated with Ptilorrhoa in New Guinea on the other side of Wallace's Line, but a relationship with the West African Picathartes has also been suggested. Using three nuclear markers, we demonstrate that Eupetes is the sister taxon of the South African genus Chaetops , and their sister taxon in turn being Picathartes , with a divergence in the Eocene. Thus, this clade is distributed in remote corners of Africa and Asia, which makes the biogeographic history of these birds very intriguing. The most parsimonious explanation would be that they represent a relictual basal group in the Passerida clade established after a long-distance dispersal from the Australo-Papuan region to Africa. Many earlier taxonomic arrangements may have been based on assumptions about relationships with similar-looking forms in the same, or adjacent, biogeographic regions, and revisions with molecular data may uncover such cases of neglect of ancient relictual patterns reflecting past connections between the continents.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Evolution in Psittaciformes. Revisited

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
A. Villa Rus ◽  
J. C. Cigudosa ◽  
J. L. Carrasco Juan ◽  
A. Otero Gomez ◽  
T. Acosta Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Human Attention ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parrot Species ◽  
Evolutionary Comparisons

<p class="1Body">With colourful plumage, charismatic character and vocal learning abilities, parrots are one of the most striking and recognizable bird groups. Their attractiveness has drawn human attention for centuries, and members of the Psittaciformes order were, also, among the first avian species to be subject to cytogenetic studies which have contributed to understand their taxonomic and evolutionary relationships.</p><p class="1Body">We present here the karyological results collected by the study of thirteen parrot species new to karyology. These results are additionally supported by G banded preparations obtained in five species.</p><p class="1Body">The order Psittaciformes is an interesting example of a, typically, non migratory avian lineage with Gondwanaland origin, whose evolutionary radiation has been shaped by the Cenozoic geographic and climatic events that affected the land masses derived from the Gondwanaland continental split.</p><p class="1Body">We discuss the results of our studies, in conjunction with the previously compiled Psittaciformes cytogenetic data to delineate a picture of the chromosomal evolution of the order, concurrently with the biogeographic history of the lands in the southern Hemisphere.</p><p class="1Body">Considering the available data on parrot cytogenetics, a "standard parrot karyotype pattern" is proposed for evolutionary comparisons.</p><p class="1Body">Several biogeographic, and phylogenetically related "karyogram patterns" are also identified, and mechanisms of chromosome rearrangement that associate this patterns among them, and with the standard parrot karyotype pattern are proposed. These schemes on parrot chromosomal variation are discussed in relation to the general avian chromosome evolutionary theses proposed by cytogenetic and molecular genomic researchers.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Aguiar ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Fatima Gomes ◽  
Jeferson Carneiro ◽  
Simoni Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The West ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
History Of

The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.

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