The postantifungal effect of nystatin and its impact on adhesion attributes of oralCandida dubliniensisisolates

Mycoses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjuna N. B. Ellepola ◽  
Bobby K. Joseph ◽  
Rachel Chandy ◽  
Z. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Postantifungal Effect

Synergistic postantifungal effect of flucytosine and fluconazole onCandida albicans

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mikami ◽  
G.M. Scalarone ◽  
N. Kurita ◽  
K. Yazawa ◽  
J. Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postantifungal Effect

scholarly journals Postantifungal Effects of Echinocandin, Azole, and Polyene Antifungal Agents against Candida albicans andCryptococcus neoformans

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Ernst ◽  
Michael E. Klepser ◽  
Michael A. Pfaller
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Postantifungal Effect

ABSTRACT The postantifungal effect (PAFE) of fluconazole, MK-0991, LY303366, and amphotericin B was determined against isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 4 times the MIC were tested following exposure to the antifungal for 0.25 to 1 h. Combinations of azole and echinocandin antifungals (MK-0991 and LY303366) were tested againstC. neoformans. Fluconazole displayed no measurable PAFE against Candida albicans or Cryptococcus neoformans, either alone or in combination with either echinocandin antifungal. MK-0991, LY303366, and amphotericin B displayed a prolonged PAFE of greater than 12 h againstCandida spp. when tested at concentrations above the MIC for the organism and 0 to 2 h when tested at concentrations below the MIC for the organism.

scholarly journals Dynamic Interaction between Fluconazole and Amphotericin B against Cryptococcus gattii

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2553-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julliana Ribeiro Alves Santos ◽  
Ludmila Ferreira Gouveia ◽  
Erika Linzi Silva Taylor ◽  
Maria Aparecida Resende-Stoianoff ◽  
Gerson Antônio Pianetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Postantifungal Effect

ABSTRACTCryptococcus gattiiis the main pathogen of cryptococcosis in healthy patients and is treated mainly with fluconazole and amphotericin B. The combination of these drugs has been questioned because the mechanisms of action could lead to a theoretical antagonistic interaction. We evaluated distinct parameters involved in thein vitrocombination of fluconazole and amphotericin B againstCryptococcus gattii. Fourteen strains ofC. gattiiwere used for the determination of MIC, fractional inhibitory concentration, time-kill curve, and postantifungal effect (PAFE). Ergosterol quantification was performed to evaluate the influence of ergosterol content on the interaction between these antifungals. Interaction between the drugs varied from synergistic to antagonistic depending on the strain and concentration tested. Increasing fluconazole levels were correlated with an antagonistic interaction. A total of 48 h was necessary for reducing the fungal viability in the presence of fluconazole, while 12 h were required for amphotericin B. When these antifungals were tested in combination, fluconazole impaired the amphotericin B activity. The ergosterol content decreased with the increase of fluconazole levels and it was correlated with the lower activity of amphotericin B. The PAFE found varied from 1 to 4 h for fluconazole and from 1 to 3 h for amphotericin B. The interaction of fluconazole and amphotericin B was concentration-dependent and special attention should be directed when these drugs are used in combination againstC. gattii.

scholarly journals Miltefosine Has a Postantifungal Effect and Induces Apoptosis inCryptococcusYeasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina de Castro Spadari ◽  
Taissa Vila ◽  
Sonia Rozental ◽  
Kelly Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Plasma Membrane Permeability ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postantifungal Effect

ABSTRACTCryptococcusspp. are common opportunistic fungal pathogens, particularly in HIV patients. The approved drug miltefosine (MFS) has potential as an alternative antifungal against cryptococcosis; however, the mechanism of action of MFS inCryptococcusis poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of MFS onC. neoformansandC. gattiiyeasts (planktonic and biofilm lifestyles) to clarify its mechanism of action. MFS presented inhibitory and fungicidal effects against planktonicCryptococcuscells, with similar activities against dispersion biofilm cells, while sessile biofilm cells were less sensitive to MFS. Interestingly, MFS had postantifungal effect onCryptococcus, with a proliferation delay of up to 8.15 h after a short exposure to fungicidal doses. MFS at fungicidal concentrations increased the plasma membrane permeability, likely due to a direct interaction with ergosterol, as suggested by competition assays with exogenous ergosterol. Moreover, MFS reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced DNA fragmentation and condensation, all of which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that MFS-treated yeasts had a reduced mucopolysaccharide capsule (confirmed by morphometry with light microscopy), plasma membrane irregularities, mitochondrial swelling, and a less conspicuous cell wall. Our results suggest that MFS increases the plasma membrane permeability inCryptococcusvia an interaction with ergosterol and also affects the mitochondrial membrane, eventually leading to apoptosis, in line with its fungicidal activity. These findings confirm the potential of MFS as an antifungal againstC. neoformansandC. gattiiand warrant further studies to establish clinical protocols for MFS use against cryptococcosis.

scholarly journals Occidiofungin's Chemical Stability andIn VitroPotency against Candida Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna Ellis ◽  
Jiten Gosai ◽  
Charles Emrick ◽  
Rachel Heintz ◽  
Lanette Romans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Burkholderia Contaminans ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Postantifungal Effect ◽  
Minimal Lethal Concentration ◽  
Stable Molecule

ABSTRACTOccidiofungin is a cyclic glyco-lipopeptide produced byBurkholderia contaminans. MICs againstCandidaspecies were between 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml. Occidiofungin retains itsin vitropotency in the presence of 5% and 50% human serum with a minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of 2 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Time-kill and postantifungal effect (PAFE) experiments of occidiofungin againstCandida albicanswere performed. The results demonstrate that occidiofungin is fungicidal. Occidiofungin was also found to be a very stable molecule. It is resistant to extreme temperatures and pH and maintains its activity following exposure to gastric proteases.

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