Host use patterns ofCulicoidesspp. biting midges at a big game preserve in Florida, U.S.A., and implications for the transmission of orbiviruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. McGregor ◽  
T. Stenn ◽  
K. A. Sayler ◽  
E. M. Blosser ◽  
J. K. Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Use ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Use Patterns

scholarly journals Host Associations Of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) Near Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Locations In Florida, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E. Sloyer ◽  
Carolina Acevedo ◽  
Alfred E. Runkel ◽  
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Avian Blood ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Arbovirus Surveillance ◽  
Blood Meals

ABSTRACT Quantifying host use is important for understanding transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Despite the importance of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in pathogen transmission, the vector–host relationships of most Culicoides species are poorly documented, even in locations where active arbovirus surveillance is conducted. Polymerase chain reaction–based blood-meal analysis was performed on 663 blood-engorged Culicoides females collected by 7 Florida mosquito control districts at 24 sentinel chicken arbovirus surveillance sites in 2017. A total of 638 blood meals were successfully analyzed to determine host species source, representing 11 Culicoides species. The most commonly bitten host was domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) (presumably sentinel chickens), constituting 565 of 638 (88.6%) the total blood meals. Other common hosts included humans (5.8%), white-tailed deer (Odoocoileus virginianus) (2.5%), and brown basilisk (Basiliscus vittatus) (1.6%). Significant differences in distribution of mammal and avian blood meals were found for a number of Culicoides species, and these patterns did not vary across locations. These results indicate that sentinel chickens are exposed to bites by Culicoides, potentially exposing them to Culicoides-borne pathogens. The findings that vertebrate host use was consistent across locations suggests that each Culicoides species has affinity for one or more specific animal groups, and does not feed randomly upon available animals.

scholarly journals Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Ayres ◽  
Rebeca Pena ◽  
Jeffrey A. Lombardo ◽  
Maria J. Lombardero
Keyword(s):  
Host Use ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Use Patterns

Host-use Patterns ofEriotremex formosanus(Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in South Carolina, U.S.A.

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Ulyshen ◽  
James L. Hanula
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Use Patterns

scholarly journals Geography and major host evolutionary transitions shape the resource use of plant parasites

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (35) ◽  
pp. 9840-9845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Calatayud ◽  
José Luis Hórreo ◽  
Jaime Madrigal-González ◽  
Alain Migeon ◽  
Miguel Á. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography ◽  
Globally Distributed

The evolution of resource use in herbivores has been conceptualized as an analog of the theory of island biogeography, assuming that plant species are islands separated by phylogenetic distances. Despite its usefulness, this analogy has paradoxically led to neglecting real biogeographical processes in the study of macroevolutionary patterns of herbivore–plant interactions. Here we show that host use is mostly determined by the geographical cooccurrence of hosts and parasites in spider mites (Tetranychidae), a globally distributed group of plant parasites. Strikingly, geography accounts for most of the phylogenetic signal in host use by these parasites. Beyond geography, only evolutionary transitions among major plant lineages (i.e., gymnosperms, commelinids, and eudicots) shape resource use patterns in these herbivores. Still, even these barriers have been repeatedly overcome in evolutionary time, resulting in phylogenetically diverse parasite communities feeding on similar hosts. Therefore, our results imply that patterns of apparent evolutionary conservatism may largely be a byproduct of the geographic cooccurrence of hosts and parasites.

scholarly journals Host Associations of Culex (Melanoconion) atratus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex (Melanoconion) pilosus from Florida, USA

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Reeves ◽  
Isaiah Hoyer ◽  
Carolina Acevedo ◽  
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Southeastern Coastal Plain ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Blood Meals ◽  
Host Associations

Characterizing the host-use patterns of mosquitoes is an essential component of understanding the transmission dynamics of mosquito-vectored pathogens. The host associations of two species of the medically important Culex subgenus Melanoconion, Culex atratus, and Culex pilosus are unknown or unclear, respectively. Both species have wide neotropical distributions. In the United States of America (USA), Culex pilosus occurs throughout the southeastern coastal plain, while Culex atratus is restricted to the southern Florida Peninsula. Using PCR-based blood meal analysis, we investigated the host associations of Culex atratus and Culex pilosus that were collected from Everglades National Park, Florida, USA We identified the host species of 208 Culex atratus and 168 Culex pilosus. Both species were narrowly associated with reptilian host species, particularly native and non-native lizards of the genus Anolis. Sampled Culex atratus exclusively fed on reptilian hosts, with >99% of blood meals derived from Anolis lizards. Culex pilosus fed predominantly from reptiles, but avian and mammalian blood meals were also detected. Of these, 92% of blood meals were derived from Anolis species. For both species, Anolis sagrei, an invasive exotic lizard in Florida, was the most frequently detected host species. These data indicate that Culex atratus and Culex pilosus are specialists of reptilian hosts, particularly Anolis lizards.

Systematics of Nitidulinae (Coleoptera:Nitidulidae): phylogenetic relationships, convexity and the origin of phallalophagy

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. B.Leschen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Use Patterns

Nitiduline beetle genera of the Cyllodes complex arestudied in the context of a phylogenetic analysis of 19 ingroup and eightoutgroup taxa and 63 characters derived from adult morphology and hostrelationship. In this analysis, the Cyllodes complex isshown to be monophyletic. By eliminating the problematic taxonCamptodes and a priori weightingof the presence/absence of procoxal rests, two monophyletic taxa areobtained within the Cyllodes complex(Cyllodes and Oxycnemus groups). Aphylogenetic analysis of 13 terminal taxa represented by larval and adultsemaphoronts shows a monophyletic Cyllodes complex inone of two trees. The Cyllodes complex is formallyrecognised as Cyllodini Everts, containing two or more monophyletic groupsthat are recognised on an informal basis. The Oxycnemusgroup is well supported and may include the enigmatic genusCamptodes. Taxonomic actions include two synonymiesunder Apsectochilus Reitter (=Meoncerus Sharp, syn. nov.; =Lordyrops Reitter, syn. nov.) and type speciesdesignations for Neotropical genera described by David Sharp(Apsectochilus, Eusphaerius,Mecyllodes, and Somatoxus).Carinocyllodes, gen. nov. (type species:Eusphaerius lubricus Leschen & Carlton) is describedand includes two additional species (C. belli, sp. nov.and C. depressus, sp.nov.).Convexity is a character complex in nitidulids, and must be partitioned forphylogenetic reconstruction and character analysis. Two classes of charactervariation (dependent and independent) are discussed with regard to theevolution of convexity in the context of cladograms. A highly convex form withthe capability to roll into a ball by tucking the head beneath the prothoraxhas evolved at least one or more times in Nitidulidae and several times inunrelated beetle families.Fungal host-use patterns are highly concordant with the phylogenetic branchingpattern in Cyllodini. Most members are associated with large-bodiedBasidiomycetes, with the exception of Camptodes whichoccurs on flowers and develops in rotten vegetation. Most species of theOxycnemus group are restricted to Phallales, an obligatehost pattern that is old relative to those associations in the remainingCyllodini that occur on other fungi. Another significant shift occurred fromphallalophagy to phytophagy if the hypothesis is accepted thatCamptodes is a member of theOxycnemus group.

scholarly journals Identification of Uranotaenia sapphirina as a specialist of annelids broadens known mosquito host use patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Reeves ◽  
Chris J. Holderman ◽  
Erik M. Blosser ◽  
Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman ◽  
Akito Y. Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Use ◽  
Use Patterns

scholarly journals Micro- and macroevolutionary trade-offs in plant-feeding insects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Peterson ◽  
Nate B. Hardy ◽  
Benjamin B. Normark
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Network Patterns

AbstractA long-standing hypothesis asserts that plant-feeding insects specialize on particular host plants because of negative interactions (trade-offs) between adaptations to alternative hosts, yet empirical evidence for such trade-offs is scarce. Most studies have looked for microevolutionary performance trade-offs within insect species, but host-use could also be constrained by macroevolutionary trade-offs caused by epistasis and historical contingency. On the other hand, evolutionary interactions between adaptations to diverse hosts could be neutral or positive rather than negative. Here we used a phylogenetic approach to estimate the micro-and macroevolutionary correlations between use of alternative host plants within two major orders of plant-feeding insects: Lepidoptera (caterpillars) and Hemiptera (true bugs). Across 1604 caterpillar species, we found both positive and negative pairwise correlations between use of diverse host taxa, with overall network patterns suggesting that different host-use constraints act over micro-and macroevolutionary timescales. In contrast, host-use patterns of 955 true bug species revealed uniformly positive correlations between presence on the same host taxa over both timescales. The lack of consistent patterns across timescales and insect orders indicates that host-use trade-offs are historically contingent rather than universal constraints. Moreover, we observed few negative correlations overall despite the wide taxonomic and ecological diversity of the focal host taxa, suggesting that positive interactions between host-use adaptations, not trade-offs, dominate the long-term evolution of host use in plant-feeding insects.

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