Local climate adaptation and gene flow in the native range of two co‐occurring fruit moths with contrasting invasiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li‐Jun Cao ◽  
Bing‐Yan Li ◽  
Jin‐Cui Chen ◽  
Jia‐Ying Zhu ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Local Climate

scholarly journals Evidence for local climate adaptation in early-life traits of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Gauli ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Tanya G. Bailey ◽  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Life Traits

scholarly journals Vulnerability Visualization to Support Adaptation to Heat and Floods: Towards the EXTRA Interactive Tool in Norrköping, Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Tomasz Opach ◽  
Erik Glaas ◽  
Mattias Hjerpe ◽  
Carlo Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Adaptation Action

Municipal actors are increasingly expected to consider climate adaptation in operative and strategic work. Here, digital environments can support strategic decisions and planning through visual representations of local climate risks and vulnerabilities. This study targets visualization of vulnerability to heat and floods as a means of supporting adaptation action in preschools, primary schools, caring units, and municipal residential buildings in Norrköping, Sweden. Workshops with sector leaders identified vulnerability indicators used as a basis for collecting, calculating and representing self-assessed vulnerability of individual units and buildings. Informed by user inputs, a map-based interactive visual tool representing resulting vulnerability scores and risk maps was developed to support (1) planners and sector leaders in strategic prioritization and investments, and (2) unit heads in identifying adaptation measures to reduce local flood and heat risks. The tool was tested with adaptation coordinators from targeted sectors. The study finds that the tool made it possible to overview climate risks and adaptation measures, which arguably increases general governance capacity Allowing yearly updates of set scores, the tool was also found to be useful for monitoring how vulnerability in the municipality evolves over time, and for evaluating how adaptive efforts influence calculated risks.

scholarly journals Are local climate adaptation policies credible? A conceptual and operational assessment framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Olazabal ◽  
Ibon Galarraga ◽  
James Ford ◽  
Elisa Sainz De Murieta ◽  
Alexandra Lesnikowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Operational Assessment

Design and test of a model-assisted participatory process for the formulation of a local climate adaptation plan

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Andersson ◽  
Julie Wilk ◽  
L. Phil Graham ◽  
Michele Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Local Climate

scholarly journals Looking for the needle in a downsized haystack: Whole-exome sequencing unravels how selection and gene flow have shaped climatic adaptation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter George ◽  
Silvio Schueler ◽  
Michael Grabner ◽  
Sandra Karanitsch-Ackerl ◽  
Konrad Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Climatic Adaptation

AbstractThe widespread Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) occurs along a steep gradient of diverse climates throughout its natural range, which is expected to result in spatially varying selection to local climate conditions. However, phenotypic signals of climatic adaptation can often be confounded, because unraveled clines covary with signals caused by neutral evolutionary processes such as gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we present phenotypic and genotypic data from a common garden experiment showing a putative signal of adaptation to climate after trees have been growing for 40 years in a common environment. Sixteen Douglas-fir provenances originating from a North-to-South gradient of approx. 1,000 km were analyzed and genomic information was obtained from exome capture, which resulted in an initial genomic dataset of >90,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used a restrictive and conservative filtering approach which permitted us to include only SNPs and individuals in environmental association analysis (EAA) that were free of potentially confounding effects (LD, relatedness among trees, heterozygosity deficiency and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions). We used four conceptually different genome scan methods based on FST outlier detection and gene-environment association in order to disentangle truly adaptive SNPs from neutral SNPs and found that a relatively small proportion of the exome showed a truely adaptive signal (0.01-0.17%) when population substructuring and multiple testing was accounted for. Nevertheless, the unraveled SNP candidates showed significant relationship with climate at provenance origins which strongly suggests that they have most likely featured adaption in Douglas-fir across a steep climatic gradient. Two SNPs were independently found by three of the employed algorithms and one could be assigned with high probability to a Picea abies homolog gene involved in circadian clock control as was also found in Populus balsamifera.

Tackling Uncertainty in US Local Climate Adaptation Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Missy Stults ◽  
Larissa Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Change Uncertainty ◽  
Climate Adaptation Planning ◽  
Robust Strategies

Climate adaptation presents some new forms of planning uncertainty. We identified thirteen types of climate change uncertainty and grouped these into four categories. Next, we summarized eleven planning techniques, noting that only six of these techniques reflect an adapt and monitor approach that actively engages uncertainty. We then evaluated the types of uncertainty and planning techniques identified in forty-four US local climate adaptation plans. We found no communities used scenario planning or robust strategies despite the emphasis placed on these techniques in the literature.

scholarly journals Continuous Negotiation in Climate Adaptation: The Challenge of Co-Evolution for the Capability Approach to Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13072
Author(s):  
Lieke Brackel
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Ecological Thresholds ◽  
Ecological Capacity ◽  
Evolving Systems ◽  
Ecosystem State ◽  
The Capability Approach

The capability approach is increasingly presented as a promising approach to address questions of justice in local climate adaptation. In an attempt to integrate environmental protections into the capability approach, Breena Holland developed the meta-capability Sustainable Ecological Capacity to establish substantive ecological limits. This article, however, empirically demonstrates that defining ecosystem thresholds in co-evolving systems is subject to conflict and continuous negotiation. Taking the Haringvliet dam in the Dutch South-West Delta as an illustrative case, this paper shows how people uphold different views about the Haringvliet’s most desirable ecosystem state. Future shifts in the socio-ecological system, such as decreased fresh water availability and sea-level rise, are expected to uproot today’s compromise about chloride levels in the Haringvliet. This suggests that anticipatory water management should not only address climate impacts, but also prepare for re-negotiations of established ecological thresholds. The associated politics of climate adaptation deals with questions about which functions to protect, at what costs and for whom. Hence, it is critical to integrate procedural justice and attention to political inequalities in capabilities-based adaptation justice frameworks.

scholarly journals Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Muñoz ◽  
Francisco Amat ◽  
Andy J Green ◽  
Jordi Figuerola ◽  
Africa Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Mantel Tests

Since Darwin’s time, waterbirds have been considered an important vector for the dispersal of continental aquatic invertebrates. Bird movements have facilitated the worldwide invasion of the American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, transporting cysts (diapausing eggs), and favouring rapid range expansions from introduction sites. Here we address the impact of bird migratory flyways on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of A. franciscana in its native range in the Americas. We examined the sequence variation for two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S for a subset of the data) in a large set of population samples representing the entire native range of A. franciscana. Furthermore, we performed Mantel tests and redundancy analyses (RDA) to test the role of flyways, geography and human introductions on the phylogeography and population genetic structure at a continental scale. A. franciscanamitochondrial DNA was very diverse, with two main clades, largely corresponding to Pacific and Atlantic populations, mirroring American bird flyways. There was a high degree of regional endemism, with populations subdivided into at least 12 divergent, geographically restricted and largely allopatric mitochondrial lineages, and high levels of population structure ( Φ ST of 0.92), indicating low ongoing gene flow. We found evidence of human-mediated introductions in nine out of 39 populations analysed. Once these populations were removed, Mantel tests revealed a strong association between genetic variation and geographic distance (i.e., isolation-by-distance pattern). RDA showed that shared bird flyways explained around 20% of the variance in genetic distance between populations and this was highly significant, once geographic distance was controlled for. The variance explained increased to 30% when the factor human introduction was included in the model. Our findings suggest that bird-mediated transport of brine shrimp propagules does not result in substantial ongoing gene flow; instead, it had a significant historical role on the current species phylogeography, facilitating the colonisation of new aquatic environments as they become available along their main migratory flyways.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of European Drosophila melanogaster populations reveals longitudinal structure, continent-wide selection, and previously unknown DNA viruses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kapun ◽  
Maite G. Barrón ◽  
Fabian Staubach ◽  
Darren J. Obbard ◽  
R. Axel W. Wiberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractGenetic variation is the fuel of evolution, with standing genetic variation especially important for short-term evolution and local adaptation. To date, studies of spatio-temporal patterns of genetic variation in natural populations have been challenging, as comprehensive sampling is logistically difficult, and sequencing of entire populations costly. Here, we address these issues using a collaborative approach, sequencing 48 pooled population samples from 32 locations, and perform the first continent-wide genomic analysis of genetic variation in European Drosophila melanogaster. Our analyses uncover longitudinal population structure, provide evidence for continent-wide selective sweeps, identify candidate genes for local climate adaptation, and document clines in chromosomal inversion and transposable element frequencies. We also characterise variation among populations in the composition of the fly microbiome, and identify five new DNA viruses in our samples.

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