scholarly journals Allopatric speciation despite historical gene flow: Divergence and hybridization inCarex furvaandC. lucennoiberica(Cyperaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear RAD-seq data

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 5646-5662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Maguilla ◽  
Marcial Escudero ◽  
Andrew L. Hipp ◽  
Modesto Luceño
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Flow Divergence

scholarly journals Speciation with gene flow via cycles of isolation and migration: Insights from multiple mangrove taxa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwen He ◽  
Xinnian Li ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xinfeng Wang ◽  
Cairong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Geographical Barrier ◽  
Time Required

AbstractAllopatric speciation requiring an unbroken period of geographical isolation has been the standard model of neo-Darwinism. While doubts have been repeatedly raised, strict allopatry without any gene flow remains a plausible mechanism in most cases. To rigorously reject strict allopatry, genomic sequences superimposed on the geological records of a well-delineated geographical barrier will be necessary. The Strait of Malacca, narrowly connecting the Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts, serves at different times either as a geographical barrier or a conduit of gene flow for coastal/marine species. We surveyed 1,700 plants from 29 populations of five common mangrove species by large scale DNA sequencing and added several whole-genome assemblies. Speciation between the two oceans is driven by cycles of isolation and gene flow due to the fluctuations in sea level leading to the opening/closing of the Strait to ocean currents. Because the time required for speciation in mangroves is longer than the isolation phases, speciation in these mangroves has proceeded through many cycles of mixing-isolation-mixing, or MIM cycles. The MIM mechanism, by relaxing the condition of no gene flow, can promote speciation in many more geographical features than strict allopatry can. Finally, the MIM mechanism of speciation is also efficient, potentially yielding mn (m>1) species after n cycles.Significance statementMechanisms of species formation have always been a conundrum. Speciation between populations that are fully geographically isolated, or allopatric speciation, has been the standard solution in the last 50 years. Complete geographical isolation with no possibility of gene flow, however, is often untenable and is inefficient in generating the enormous biodiversity. By studying mangroves on the Indo-Malayan coasts, a global hotspot of coastal biodiversity, we were able to combine genomic data with geographical records on the Indo-Pacific barrier that separates Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts. We discovered a novel mechanism of speciation, that we call mixing-isolation-mixing (MIM) cycles. By permitting intermittent gene flow during speciation, MIM can potentially generate species at an exponential rate, thus combining speciation and biodiversity in a unified framework.

scholarly journals Character displacement of a learned behaviour and its implications for ecological speciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1908) ◽  
pp. 20190761
Author(s):  
Cody K. Porter ◽  
Craig W. Benkman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Red Crossbills

Cultural evolution may accelerate population divergence and speciation, though most support for this hypothesis is restricted to scenarios of allopatric speciation driven by random cultural drift. By contrast, the role of cultural evolution in non-allopatric speciation (i.e. speciation with gene flow) has received much less attention. One clade in which cultural evolution may have figured prominently in speciation with gene flow includes the conifer-seed-eating finches in the red crossbill ( Loxia curvirostra ) complex. Here we focus on Cassia crossbills ( Loxia sinesciuris ; an ecotype recently split taxonomically from red crossbills) that learn social contact calls from their parents. Previous work found that individuals modify their calls throughout life such that they become increasingly divergent from a closely related, sympatric red crossbill ecotype. This open-ended modification of calls could lead to character displacement if it causes population-level divergence in call structure that, in turn, reduces (maladaptive) heterospecific flocking. Heterospecific flocking is maladaptive because crossbills use public information from flockmates to assess resource quality, and feeding rates are depressed when flockmates differ in their ability to exploit a shared resource (i.e. when flockmates are heterospecifics). We confirm the predictions of character displacement by documenting substantial population-level divergence in Cassia crossbill call structure over just two decades and by using field experiments to demonstrate that Cassia and red crossbills differentially respond to these evolved differences in call structure, reducing heterospecific flock formation. Moreover, because crossbills choose mates from within flocks, a reduction in heterospecific flocking should increase assortative mating and may have been critical for speciation of Cassia crossbills in the face of ongoing gene flow in as few as 5000 years. Our results provide evidence for a largely neglected yet potentially widespread mechanism by which reproductive isolation can evolve between sympatric lineages as a byproduct of adaptive cultural evolution.

scholarly journals Multilocus phylogeography and ecological niche modeling suggest speciation with gene flow between the two Bamboo Partridges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Chiafen Yeh ◽  
Jiang Chang ◽  
Hongyan Yao ◽  
Yiqiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Niche Modeling ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Speciation Model ◽  
Speciation Process ◽  
Allopatric Species

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how species diversify is a long-standing question in biology. The allopatric speciation model is a classic hypothesis to explain the speciation process. This model supposes that there is no gene flow during the divergence process of geographically isolated populations. On the contrary, the speciation with gene flow model supposes that gene flow does occur during the speciation process. Whether allopatric species have gene flow during the speciation process is still an open question.MethodsWe used the genetic information from 31 loci of 24 Chinese Bamboo Partridges (Bambusicola thoracicus) and 23 Taiwan Bamboo Partridges (B. sonorivox) to infer the gene flow model of the two species, using the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) model. The ecological niche model was used to infer the paleo-distribution during the glacial period. We also tested whether the two species had a conserved ecological niche by means of a background similarity test.ResultsThe genetic data suggested that the post-divergence gene flow between the two species was terminated before the mid-Pleistocene. Furthermore, our ecological niche modeling suggested that their ecological niches were highly conserved, and that they shared an overlapping potential distribution range in the last glacial maximum.ConclusionsThe allopatric speciation model cannot explain the speciation process of the two Bamboo Partridges. The results of this study supported a scenario in which speciation with gene flow occurring between the allopatric species and have contributed to our understanding of the speciation process.

Great Wall blocks gene flow

Nature ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
HelenR. Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Great Wall

Differentiation and Interrelations of Two Representatives of Laudakia stellio Complex (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenyi N. Panov ◽  
Larissa Yu. Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Near East ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
And Behavior

Field studies were conducted in Central Negev within the breeding range of Laudakia stellio brachydactyla and in NE Israel (Qyriat Shemona) in the range of an unnamed form (tentatively “Near-East Rock Agama”), during March – May 1996. Additional data have been collected in Jerusalem at a distance of ca. 110 km from the first and about 170 km from the second study sites. A total of 63 individuals were caught and examined. The animals were marked and their subsequent movements were followed. Social and signal behavior of both forms were described and compared. Lizards from Negev and Qyriat Shemona differ from each other sharply in external morphology, habitat preference, population structure, and behavior. The differences obviously exceed the subspecies level. At the same time, the lizards from Jerusalem tend to be intermediate morphologically between those from both above-named localities, which permits admitting the existence of a limited gene flow between lizard populations of Negev and northern Israel. The lizards from NE Israel apparently do not belong to the nominate subspecies of L. stellio and should be regarded as one more subspecies within the species.

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