scholarly journals Genomic and phenotypic evidence for an incomplete domestication of South American grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus )

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus G. Stetter ◽  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Karl J. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Grain Amaranth

scholarly journals Genomic and phenotypic evidence for an incomplete domestication of South American grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus G. Stetter ◽  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Karl J. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
South American ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Close Relatives

AbstractThe process of domestication leads to major morphological and genetic changes, which in combination are known as domestication syndrome that differentiates crops from their wild ancestors. We characterized the genomic and phenotypic diversity of the South American grain amaranthAmaranthus caudatus, which has been cultivated for thousands of years and is one of the three native grain amaranths of South and Central America. Previously, several models of domestication were proposed including a domestication from the close relatives and putative ancestorsA. hybridusorA. quitensis. To investigate the evolutionary relationship ofA. caudatusand its two close relatives, we genotyped 119 amaranth accessions of the three species from the Andean region using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and compared phenotypic variation in two domestication-related traits, seed size and seed color. The analysis of 9,485 SNPs revealed a strong genetic differentiation of cultivatedA. caudatusfrom the relativesA. hybridusandA. quitensis. The two relatives did not cluster according to the species assigment but formed mixed groups according to their geographic origin in Ecuador and Peru, respectively.A. caudatushad a higher genetic diversity than its close relatives and shared a high proportion of polymorphisms with their wild relatives consistent with the absence of a strong bottleneck or a high level of recent gene flow. Genome sizes and seed sizes were not significantly different betweenA. caudatusand its relatives, although a genetically distinct group ofA. caudatusfrom Bolivia had significantly larger seeds. We conclude that despite a long history of human cultivation and selection for white grain color,A. caudatusshows a weak genomic and phenotypic domestication syndrome and is an incompletely domesticated species because of weak selection or high levels of gene flow from its sympatric close undomesticated relatives that counteracted the fixation of key domestication traits.

Rapid identification of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus by sequencing and PCR–RFLP analysis of two starch synthase genes

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Park ◽  
Tomotaro Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Species Specific

The objective of this study was to develop a PCR–RFLP method to identity the cultivated species of grain amaranth based on variations in the sequences of their starch synthase genes. We sequenced the SSSI and GBSSI loci in 126 accessions of cultivated grain amaranth collected from diverse locations around the world. We aligned the gene sequences and searched for restriction enzyme cleavage sites specific to each species for use in the PCR–RFLP analysis. Our analyses indicated that EcoRI would recognize the sequence 5′-GAATT/C-3′ in the SSSI gene from Amaranthus caudatus L., and TaqI would recognize the sequence 5′-T/CGA-3′ in the GBSSI gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. The PCR products obtained using gene-specific primers were 423 bp (SSSI) and 627 or 635 bp (GBSSI) in length. These products were cut with different restriction enzymes resulting in species-specific RFLP patterns that could be used to distinguish among the cultivated grain amaranths. The results clearly showed that A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus were easily differentiated at the species level using this method. Therefore, the PCR–RFLP method targeting amaranth starch synthase genes is simple and rapid, and it will be a useful tool for the identification of cultivated species of grain amaranth.

The molecular basis of mutations at the Waxy locus from Amaranthus caudatus L.: evolution of the waxy phenotype in three species of grain amaranth

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Park ◽  
Tomotaro Nishikawa ◽  
Norihiko Tomooka ◽  
Kazuhiro Nemoto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Waxy Locus

scholarly journals Effect of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on the Performance and Profitability of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) in Western Kenya

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Nyankanga ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Francis S. Wekesa ◽  
Dorothy Nakimbugwe ◽  
Dorothy Masinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Inorganic And Organic
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