scholarly journals Hive‐stored pollen of honey bees: many lines of evidence are consistent with pollen preservation, not nutrient conversion

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 5904-5917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk E. Anderson ◽  
Mark J. Carroll ◽  
Tim Sheehan ◽  
Brendon M. Mott ◽  
Patrick Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pollen Preservation ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

scholarly journals Different Dynamics of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Hive-Stored Bee Bread and Their Possible Roles: A Case Study from Two Commercial Honey Bees in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terd Disayathanoowat ◽  
HuanYuan Li ◽  
Natapon Supapimon ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Pollen Preservation ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

This study investigated both bacterial and fungal communities in corbicular pollen and hive-stored bee bread of two commercial honey bees, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana, in China. Although both honey bees favor different main floral sources, the dynamics of each microbial community is similar. During pH reduction in hive-stored bee bread, results from conventional culturable methods and next-generation sequencing showed a declining bacterial population but a stable fungal population. Different honey bee species and floral sources might not affect the core microbial community structure but could change the number of bacteria. Corbicular pollen was colonized by the Enterobacteriaceae bacterium (Escherichia-Shiga, Panteoa, Pseudomonas) group; however, the number of bacteria significantly decreased in hive-stored bee bread in less than 72 h. In contrast, Acinetobacter was highly abundant and could utilize protein sources. In terms of the fungal community, the genus Cladosporium remained abundant in both corbicular pollen and hive-stored bee bread. This filamentous fungus might encourage honey bees to reserve pollen by releasing organic acids. Furthermore, several filamentous fungi had the potential to inhibit both commensal/contaminant bacteria and the growth of pathogens. Filamentous fungi, in particular, the genus Cladosporium, could support pollen preservation of both honey bee species.

scholarly journals Orientation of Demagnetized Bees

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
JAMES L. GOULD ◽  
J. L. KIRSCHVINK ◽  
K. S. DEFFEYES ◽  
M. L. BRINES
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Narrow Size Range ◽  
Stable Domains ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

The orientation of honey bee dances is affected by the earth's magnetic field. Honey bees possess localized, well-oriented, stable and superparamagnetic domains of magnetite. Four lines of evidence suggest that the superparamagnetic domains of bees are more likely to be involved in magnetic field detectors than the stable domains. (1) Although the stable domains varywidely in size and number between bees, approximately 2×108 superparamagnetic domains are found reliably in all bees, and are restricted to there latively narrow size range of 300–350 Å. This suggests that the superparamagnetic domains are more likely to have a biological function. (2) Behavioural observations of dances in null fields are difficult to reconcile with astable-domain detector but are clearly predicted by many superparamagnetic detector models. (3) When honey bees are demagnetized, their ability to orient to the earth's field is unaffected. This suggests that the detector either utilizes the super paramagnetic domains or depends on aligned anisotropic stable domains processed without regard to magneticpolarity. (4) Bees that have only superparamagnetic domains are able nevertheless to orient to the earth's magnetic field, a phenomenon which indicates that permanent domains may not be required for detection.

Fluency: A trigger of familiarity for relational representations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talya Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Memory Model ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract According to Bastin et al.’s integrative memory model, familiarity may be attributed to both entity representations and relational representations. However, the model does not specify what triggers familiarity for relational representations. I argue that fluency is a key player in the attribution of familiarity regardless of the type of representation. Two lines of evidence are reviewed in support of my claim.

When do honey bees use snapshots during navigation?

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Bartlett ◽  
Fred Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees

Hiveproud honey bees clean up

Nature ◽  
2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corie Lok
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees
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