scholarly journals The Money Study Group (MSG) at fifty: Twenty years of the MSG and another thirty of the Money, Macro, Finance Research Group (MMF)

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alec Chrystal ◽  
Forrest Capie
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Macro Finance

The DCFR, the Avant-projet Catala and French Legal Scholars: A Story of Cat and Mouse?

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Sefton-Green
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Political ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
European Civil Code ◽  
Common Frame Of Reference

In 2005 a French working group published an Avant-projet de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription (“Avant-projet Catala”).1 At the end of 2007 a Draft Common Frame of Reference (“DCFR”) was submitted to the European Commission by the Study Group on a European Civil Code and the Research Group on EC Private Law (Acquis Group).2 How much ink should we spill over such academic proposals for legislative reform, especially if there are misgivings as to substance, content and legitimacy and doubts as to the prospects for implementation? In an attempt to learn from these projects this paper aims to evaluate and reflect on the position of legal scholars on the political legal scene, and to compare the content of some selected provisions. The overall objective is to investigate how the Avant-projet Catala, a proposal to reform the French Civil Code, and the DCFR, a proposal which looks very much like a European Civil Code, fit together: do these projects have different goals or are they in competition with one another? More particularly, this paper investigates whether these French3 and European initiatives are conducive to creating a more European private law or, on the contrary, whether they reinforce legal nationalism.

scholarly journals Application of Modified Gastric Tube Placement in Patients with Indwelling Gastric Tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Hua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Liquid Spray ◽  
Nasogastric Tube Placement

Objective: To explore the effect of modified nasogastric tube placement and Rehabilitation New Liquid Spray in patients with indwelling gastric tube. Methods: Eighty-six cases with indwelling gastric tube in our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 were randomly selected and divided into the reference group and the research group. The reference group was treated by modified gastric tube placement, and the research group was given the Rehabilitation New Liquid Spray intervention. The effect of the interventions on two groups was observed. Results: The incidence of nasal mucosal injury in the research group was lower than that in the reference group, and the incidence of pharyngeal mucosal injury in the research group was lower than that in the reference group (P < 0.05). The pain score of the study group was lower than that of the reference group at 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after replacement, and the incidence of hoarseness, swallowing discomfort and dry oropharynx was lower than that of the reference group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of modified gastric tube placement and Rehabilitation New Liquid Spray intervention in patients with indwelling gastric tube can effectively reduce the nasopharyngeal injury and improve the pain of catheterization.

scholarly journals WIEDZA SZCZECINIAN NA TEMAT CHORÓB RZADKICH

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Walat ◽  
Michał Marian Skoczylas ◽  
Agnieszka Wełnicka ◽  
Małgorzata Kulig ◽  
Przemysław Rodak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess knowledge about rare diseases among citizens of Szczecin (Poland).Material and methods: The study was performed by questioning 242 adult customers of Turzyn Shopping Centre in Szczecin (149 females and 93 males). The survey was conducted in the shopping mall on 23 February 2013 (control group) and during the celebration of Rare Disease Day and the 12th Polish Nationwide Cystic Fibrosis Week (“Dolina Mukolinków”) on 2 March 2013 (research group). The research tool was a questionnaire devised by the authors and filled out by the writing authors interviewer’s answers.Results: In the study group more people knew about the existence of Rare Disease Day than in the control group (86.02% vs 57.72%, chi­‍‑square test χ2 > χ2 1; 0.001, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between knowledge of when Rare Disease Day is celebrated. The definition of rare diseases compatible with the definition of the European Commission’s Health and Consumer Protection was reported only in the control group by 4 people. Examples of rare diseases were reported by 74.19% of the respondents in the study group and by 65.10% in the control group (more than 130 diseases were mentioned altogether). Usually, respondents mentioned fewer examples than were asked about in the questionnaire. The aim of Rare Disease Day was accurately specified by 86.02% of persons in the study group and 87.92% in the control group. Rare Disease Day personally concerns 30.11% of respondents in the study group and 10.07% of persons in the control group (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 0.9–3.6, χ2 > χ2 1; 0.001, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The respondents from the research group knew more about Rare Disease Day and defined the idea of it as closed in a significantly higher degree than the control group. There was no significant difference in the detailed knowledge about rare diseases in either group. This might indicate the need to educate society and patients, along with their families.

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