Rethinking nongovernmental organizations: Neoliberalism, “nonstate” actors, and the politics of recognition in the United States

Law & Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-364
Author(s):  
Jara M. Carrington
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Politics Of Recognition

Jah Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique A. Bedasse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radical Politics ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
Global Presence ◽  
Critical Site ◽  
Written Sources

From its beginnings in 1930s Jamaica, the Rastafarian movement has become a global presence. While the existing studies of Rastafari have primarily focused on its cultural expression through reggae music, art, and iconography, Monique A. Bedasse argues that repatriation to Africa represents the most important vehicle of its international growth. Shifting the scholarship on repatriation from Ethiopia to Tanzania, Bedasse foregrounds Rastafari’s enduring connection to black radical politics and establishes Tanzania as a critical site to explore gender, religion, race, citizenship, socialism, and nation. Beyond her engagement with how the Rastafarian idea of Africa translated into a lived reality, she demonstrates how Tanzanian state and nonstate actors not only validated the Rastafarian idea of diaspora but were also crucial to defining the parameters of Pan-Africanism. Based on previously undiscovered oral and written sources from Tanzania, Jamaica, England, the United States, and Trinidad, Bedasse uncovers a vast and varied transnational network--including Julius Nyerere, Michael Manley, and C. L. R James--revealing Rastafari’s entrenchment in the making of Pan-Africanism in the postindependence period.

Situating Feminist Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Messer-Davidow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Feminist Studies ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Population Groups

Feminist studies in the United States and India emerged from women’s activism during the same decades, but they developed significant differences both institutionally and intellectually. These differences resulted from the host country’s demographics, languages, economies, politics, and cultures. Today US feminist studies is an academic enterprise that produces and disseminates scholarly knowledge through academic programs, centers, projects, and publications that bear the imprint of the (inter)disciplinary order and conform to its standards. India’s feminist studies resides in a multisector infrastructure of academic centers, associations, unions, nongovernmental organizations, government agencies, and publishers that produce academic, activist, and popular knowledges. Intended to fuel change, the knowledges are circulated across sectors and channeled to local communities. Intellectually, US and Indian feminist research proceed from different assumptions about population groups, communities, multiple and interactive identities, global-local relays, and the diversity that intersectional analysis needs to capture.

Supporting a “Brother in Christ” in Guatemala

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-150
Author(s):  
Lauren Frances Turek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Mass Killing ◽  
Jimmy Carter ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Military Campaign

This chapter focuses on Guatemala, where evangelical dictator General José Efraín Ríos Montt seized power in a coup in 1982. It talks about Ríos Montt's religious beliefs and staunch anticommunism that led politically influential evangelical leaders and nongovernmental organizations in the United States to support and promote his regime. It also discusses direct fundraising and evangelical organizations that lobbied Congress to restore military aid to Guatemala, which Jimmy Carter had suspended due to ongoing human rights violations. The chapter investigates why many evangelical groups argued that Ríos Montt's Christian faith would compel him to improve the human rights situation in Guatemala despite mounting evidence that the dictator's military campaign against the “communist insurgency” in his country involved the mass killing of indigenous Mayans. It demonstrates how evangelical engagement with Ríos Montt reshaped society and politics in Guatemala, as well as policymaking in the United States.

United States Strikes Syrian Government Airbase in Response to Chemical Weapons Attacks by Syrian Forces; Two Additional Strikes on Syrian Government Forces Justified by Defense of Troops Rationale

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-787
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
New Development ◽  
Nerve Gas

On April 6, 2017, the United States launched air strikes against a Syrian government airfield, marking a new development in Syria's long-running civil war. U.S. involvement in the conflict had previously been limited to the provision of indirect support for some rebels and the use of direct force against certain nonstate actors, particularly Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). This changed in the wake of April 4, however, when a rebel-held town was hit by a nerve gas attack that killed more than eighty people—including at least thirty children—and injured hundreds more. The attack used Sarin or a Sarin-like substance, which causes death by asphyxiation, often accompanied by blue facial skin and foaming at the mouth. The United States concluded, along with many other states and the NGO Human Rights Watch, that the attack was perpetrated by Syria's Assad regime.

scholarly journals From the Trenches: A Global Survey of Anti-TIP NGOs and their Views of US Efforts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Heiss ◽  
Judith G. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Amid the academic and policy critiques of the United States’ 15-year push to eliminate human trafficking, the perspective of the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working with anti-trafficking advocacy and services has been largely ignored. This article presents the results of a global survey of nearly 500 anti-trafficking NGOs in working in 133 countries, and is the first NGO-focused survey of its kind. Based on the results of the survey, we provide an overview of the anti-trafficking NGO sector as a whole, detail the relationship between anti-trafficking NGOs and the US, and account for some of the variation in NGO opinions of US efforts. Notably, we find that NGOs are remarkably satisfied with US-led efforts—despite their acknowledged flaws—and that NGOs believe that American anti-TIP policies are important and, on balance, helpful. These results also provide a warning for the future of the United States’ anti-trafficking advocacy, suggesting that the US avoid politicizing its annual Trafficking in Persons Report.

scholarly journals ‘We are… we are everything’: the politics of recognition and misrecognition at immigration museums

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurajane Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Politics Of Recognition ◽  
Political Values

Qualitative interviews were undertaken with visitors at five museums that display the histories and experiences of immigration in the United States and Australia. This paper outlines the range of embodied performative practices of meaning making that visitors undertook during their visits and the meanings and political values that they created or reaffirmed in doing so. The key performance at these museums were the affirmation and reinforcement of familial, ethnic and national identities in which individuals explored the tensions between migrant identity and the nationalizing narratives of the resident nation. The performance of reinforcement could also be used to justify both politically progressive and conservative narratives of inclusion and exclusion. Building on performances of reinforcement some visitors also engaged in acts of justification, recognition and misrecognition. In illustrating and mapping out the range of banal and complex ways these museums were used by visitors, the paper argues that museums may be more usefully understood as arenas of justification rather than resources for public education.

scholarly journals A Bioweapon or a Hoax? The Link Between Distinct Conspiracy Beliefs About the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak and Pandemic Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Imhoff ◽  
Pia Lamberty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
The Uk

During the coronavirus disease pandemic rising in 2020, governments and nongovernmental organizations across the globe have taken great efforts to curb the infection rate by promoting or legally prescribing behavior that can reduce the spread of the virus. At the same time, this pandemic has given rise to speculations and conspiracy theories. Conspiracy worldviews have been connected to refusal to trust science, the biomedical model of disease, and legal means of political engagement in previous research. In three studies from the United States ( N = 220; N = 288) and the UK ( N = 298), we went beyond this focus on a general conspiracy worldview and tested the idea that different forms of conspiracy beliefs despite being positively correlated have distinct behavioral implications. Whereas conspiracy beliefs describing the pandemic as a hoax were more strongly associated with reduced containment-related behavior, conspiracy beliefs about sinister forces purposefully creating the virus related to an increase in self-centered prepping behavior.

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