A temporally dynamic approach for cladistic biogeography and the processes underlying the biogeographic patterns of North American deserts

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niza Gámez ◽  
Silvio S. Nihei ◽  
Enrique Scheinvar ◽  
Juan J. Morrone
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Cladistic Biogeography

NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES IN THE GENERA NEOTHREMMA AND FARULA, WITH HYPOTHESES ON PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY (TRICHOPTERA: UENOIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Wiggins ◽  
Robert W. Wisseman
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Original Description ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Multnomah County ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractThree new species are described in the caddisfly family Uenoidae: Neothremma prolata, from Hood River County, Oregon; Neothremma mucronata from Lassen County, California; and Farula constricta from Multnomah County, Oregon. Following examination of the holotypes of several species, misinterpretation of the male genitalia morphology of Farula wigginsi Denning is corrected, leading to the recognition of that name as a junior synonym of F. petersoni Denning. Interpretation of male genitalic morphology in the original description of F. geyseri Denning is revised. Phylogenetic relationships are inferred from male genitalic morphology for the species of Neothremma and Farula. Biogeographic patterns of the species in both genera are highly congruent with the phylogenies.

scholarly journals Pythons in the Eocene of Europe reveal a much older divergence of the group in sympatry with boas

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 20200735
Author(s):  
Hussam Zaher ◽  
Krister T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Allopatric Distribution ◽  
History Of

Extant large constrictors, pythons and boas, have a wholly allopatric distribution that has been interpreted largely in terms of vicariance in Gondwana. Here, we describe a stem pythonid based on complete skeletons from the early-middle Eocene of Messel, Germany. The new species is close in age to the divergence of Pythonidae from North American Loxocemus and corroborates a Laurasian origin and dispersal of pythons. Remarkably, it existed in sympatry with the stem boid Eoconstrictor . These occurrences demonstrate that neither dispersal limitation nor strong competitive interactions were decisive in structuring biogeographic patterns early in the history of large, hyper-macrostomatan constrictors and exemplify the synergy between phylogenomic and palaeontological approaches in reconstructing past distributions.

Cladistic biogeography of afromontane spiders

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE Griswold
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
General Area ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Cladistic Biogeography ◽  
Answering Questions

The application of cladistic data is seen as crucial to answering questions regarding the definition, mode of origin and age of historical biogeographic patterns. From the cladograms and distributional data for four groups of afromontane spiders [Microstigmata (Microstigmatidae), the Moggridgea quercina group (Migidae), and the subfamilies Vidoleini and Phyxelidini (Amaurobiidae)] a set of nine disjunct areas of endemism is defined for African and Malagasy forests. Taxonlarea cladograms are combined through a parsimony method to produce a general area cladogram. General conclusions are: (1) Madagascar is related to eastern Africa and/or eastern South Africa rather than being the sister area to all of Africa; (2) eastern South Africa shows affinities with tropical Africa rather than with the nearby Cape region; (3) the Cape region of South Africa is highly distinctive; and (4) the area cladogram is hard to reconcile with historical scenarios involving primarily dispersal or Pleistocene vicariance events, and a Mesozoic origin for parts of the biogeographic pattern for afromontane spiders is possible.

scholarly journals An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Paul S. Manos ◽  
Andrew L. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Impact

The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus Quercus. We also distill emerging evolutionary and biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple species complexes and instances of hybridization.

Non-trionychid turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
North American ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Distinct Taxon ◽  
Upper Paleocene

Turtle fossils of Paleocene age have been recovered from four formations in Alberta, Canada: the upper (Paleocene) part of the Scollard Formation, the upper (Paleocene) portion of the Willow Creek Formation, and the exclusively Paleocene Porcupine Hills and Paskapoo formations. At least three non-trionychid turtle taxa can be recognized. Definitely present are a generically indeterminate baenid, the macrobaenid Judithemys backmani, and the chelydrid Protochelydra zangerli. The carapace of a juvenile chelydrid could be either a juvenile of P. zangerli or a fourth, distinct taxon. The macrobaenid J. backmani and the chelydrid P. zangerli are the most abundant non-trionychid turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta. The turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta differ from those of comparable age in New Mexico, USA, and other more southern localities in the North American Western Interior in (i) the presence of macrobaenids and chelydrids and (ii) the absence of kinosternoids. These differences mirror those of the Late Cretaceous, suggesting that biogeographic patterns of non-trionychid turtle distributions that were established during the Late Cretaceous in the Western Interior continued well into the Paleocene.

Biogeography of Ordovician sponges

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Carrera ◽  
J. Keith Rigby
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Argentine Precordillera

Sponges have an unrealized potential importance in biogeographic analysis. Biogeographic patterns determined from our analysis of all published data on distribution of Ordovician genera indicate Early Ordovician sponge faunas have relatively low diversity and are completely dominated by demosponges. Early Ordovician (Ibexian) faunas are characterized by the widespread co-occurrence ofArchaeoscyphiaand the problematicCalathium.This association is commonly found in biohermal structures. Middle Ordovician faunas show an increase in diversity, and two broad associations are differentiated: Appalachian faunas (including Southern China and the Argentine Precordillera) and Great Basin faunas.Late Ordovician faunas show important changes in diversity and provincialism. Hexactinellid and calcareous sponges became important and new demosponge families appeared. Four Mohawkian-Cincinnatian associations are recognized here, including: 1) Midcontinent faunas; 2) Baltic faunas; 3) New South Wales faunas; and 4) Western North American (California and Alaska) faunas. However, two separate biogeographic associations are differentiated based on faunal differences. These are a Pacific association (western North American and New South Wales) and an Atlantic association (Midcontinent Laurentia and Baltica).Distribution of sponge genera and migration patterns are utilized to consider paleogeographic dispositions of the different continental plates, climatic features, and oceanic currents. Such an analysis points to close paleogeographic affinities between the Argentine Precordillera and Laurentian Appalachian faunas. However, significant endemicity and the occurrence of extra-Laurentian genera suggest a relative isolation of the Precordillera terrane during the Late Ibexian-Whiterockian. The study also shows a faunal migration from the Appalachian region to South China during the Middle Ordovician and the migration of faunas from Baltica to Laurentia in the Late Ordovician. The occurrence of Laurentian migrants in New South Wales during the Late Ordovician could be related to inferred oceanic current circulation between these two areas, although other paleogeographic features may be involved.

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