scholarly journals Common ground among beech forest development stages: Matrix versus stage‐typical live tree structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeriLynn E. Peck ◽  
Eric K. Zenner
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Matrix Versus ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Live Tree ◽  
Versus Stage

scholarly journals Stand inventory data from the 10‐ha forest research plot in Uholka: 15 yr of primeval beech forest development

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Stillhard ◽  
Martina Hobi ◽  
Lisa Hülsmann ◽  
Peter Brang ◽  
Christian Ginzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Forest Development

scholarly journals Gap characteristics under oriental beech forest development stages in Kelardasht forests, northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parhizkar Pejman ◽  
Hassani Majid ◽  
Hallaj Mohammad Hossein Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gap Characteristics ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Diameter Classes

This study was carried out to evaluate gap characteristics and gapmakers for different development stages of an oriental beech forest in northern Iran. Development stages of 1 ha square-shaped mosaic patches were identified using 100 × 100 m sampling grid and all gaps within these mosaics were recorded. Gap areas were calculated and classified into four classes and gapmakers were counted and classified into 4 decay and 4 diameter classes as well. Results showed that gaps comprised 13.7, 9.1 and 17.6% of the study area in initial, optimal and decay stages, respectively. There was a significant difference between development stages with respect to gap size and the highest amount was observed in decay stage. Medium-sized gaps were the most frequent in all three stages. Frequency distribution of gapmakers varied among development stages. Our findings revealed that 200–500 m<sup>2</sup> is the most preferable gap size for close-to-nature silvicultural approaches in Hyrcanian beech forests. To achieve this gap size 1–2 trees should be marked for harvesting operations.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of injuries caused by the influence of mechanical and abiotic factors on the occurrence of harmful fungal organisms

2012 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Miroslava Marković ◽  
Snežana Rajković ◽  
Radoslav Rajković
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Live Tree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Correlation Link ◽  
Tree Injuries

The research described in this paper is focused on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms on beech trees relative to the presence of tree injuries, with the aim to ensure protection and preservation of this species in Serbia. The research was conducted in Eastern Serbia, in a hillside beech forest Fagetum moesiacae submontanum of generative origin. The testing was carried out on two sites over 51 testing plots, with a total of 829 trees and 21 species of identified fungi. On the first site it was found that the appearance of fungi primarily depends on the presence of mechanical damage on trees (as much as 73.46%), while the presence of abiotic damage has almost no bearing (only 3.21%). On the second site there was a strong correlation link between the occurrence of fungi and presence of mechanical damage - 51.88%, as well as between the fungi and abiotic damage - 47.96%. The health condition of high beech stands was found to be heavily dependent on careful and proper manipulation during harvesting, while each injury inflicted on a beech live tree during logging opens the door to infection with pathogenic microorganisms.

Long-term influence of disturbance-generated microsites on forest structural and compositional development

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. Sass ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
David R. Foster ◽  
Audrey Barker Plotkin ◽  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Size ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Microsite Heterogeneity ◽  
Live Tree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overstory Composition

Wind disturbance generates heterogeneous microsite structures, including downed logs, windthrow mounds, and pits. While these structures can provide opportunities for regeneration of certain tree species, the long-term influence of microsites and microsite heterogeneity on forest development has not been quantified. We used long-term measurements of a formerly old-growth Tsuga canadensis – Pinus strobus forest severely damaged by a category 3 hurricane in 1938 to quantify the impact of microsite conditions on overstory composition and structure. We asked (i) “What are the patterns in live-tree size, growth, and mortality five and seven decades after disturbance?” and (ii) “What roles do microsite heterogeneity and the presence of disturbance-generated microsites play in long-term forest development following disturbance?” We compared live-tree (>2 cm DBH) development and survival to microsite heterogeneity at the 100 m2 scale. Microsite diversity was positively related to overstory species diversity and stem density and negatively related to average tree size. We propose that plots with higher microsite diversity may have experienced more severe local disturbance, which allowed more species and individuals to establish and created varied niches that allowed these individuals to coexist and generate greater stand-level diversity. These persistent relationships highlight how microsite conditions affect forest development after severe disturbances.

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of trees from different development stages in mixed temperate forest in the Hyrcanian region of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Larsary Maryam Kazempour ◽  
Abkenar Kambiz Taheri ◽  
Pourbabaei Hassan ◽  
Pothier David ◽  
Amanzadeh Beitollah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Tree Spatial Patterns

Mixed beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests are very important to the Hyrcanian region of Iran because of their high degree of naturalness and as a source of wood production. Determination of tree spatial patterns over development stages is a first step in understanding underlying processes driving regeneration and forest dynamics. Spatial patterns of trees from three development stages (initial, optimal and decay) of an untouched mixed beech forest were quantified within three 1-ha plots. To prepare the stem maps, we measured each tree with a DBH larger than 7.5 cm using the azimuth-distance method. Spatial patterns were then analysed using Ripley’s K-function. Results indicated that the number of trees decreased from the initial stage to the decay stage, with tree spatial patterns being aggregated, slightly aggregated and highly randomized for initial, optimal and decay stages, respectively. Differences in spatial patterns among the development stages are not unexpected considering that such unmanaged forests are driven by gap dynamics which results in interactions between gap filling individuals.

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