Spatial structure of ant-gardens: vertical distribution on host trees and succession/segregation of associated vascular epiphytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Morales-Linares ◽  
José G. García-Franco ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
Jorge E. Valenzuela-González ◽  
Martín Mata-Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Ant Gardens

Vascular epiphytes and host trees of ant-gardens in an anthropic landscape in southeastern Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Morales-Linares ◽  
José G. García-Franco ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
Jorge E. Valenzuela-González ◽  
Martín Mata-Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Ant Gardens

scholarly journals Epiphyte-phorophyte relationships: assessing the differences between Seasonal Semideciduous and Swamp Forests in Southeastern Brazil1

Hoehnea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mendes Marcusso ◽  
Vitor de Andrade Kamimura ◽  
Reinaldo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Forest Heterogeneity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Semideciduous Forest

ABSTRACT Vascular epiphytes are responsible for a considerable portion of tropical biodiversity; however, the variation of epiphytes-phorophytes relationships in different vegetation types are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the presence, abundance, vertical distribution, and life cycle (holoepiphyte and hemiepiphyte) of vascular epiphytes in two vegetation types [Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (- SSF), and Swamp Forest (- SF)] in order to determine any correlation with phorophyte size (diameter and height) and the specificity of phorophyte species to the epiphytic colonization. There was a higher number of phorophytes in SF; however, epiphytes density did not differ between the vegetation types. The recorded vertical distribution also showed different patterns: in the SSF, most epiphytes were found in the canopy, while in the SF they occurred mainly on the trunks of the trees. The abundance of epiphytes was positively correlated with the phorophyte size in the two vegetation types. In the SSF, colonization of phorophytes by epiphytes appeared to be less species-specific than in the SF, where trees density is likely to be a more significant factor to epiphytic colonization. The results showed the importance of the forest heterogeneity in the conservation and maintenance of vascular epiphytes assemblage, demonstrated by differences in the abundance and distribution of the epiphytes, even in contiguous forests.

scholarly journals Distribusi Vertikal Asplenium nidus L. di Kawasan Hutan Imbowiari, Kepulauan Yapen, Papua (Vertical Distribution of Asplenium nidus L. in the Imbowiari Forest, Yapen Islands, Papua)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Edoward Krisson Raunsay ◽  
Maik Akobiarek ◽  
Marthinus Yohanis Ruamba
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Bird Nest ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Asplenium nidus L. has an important role as one of the bio-indicators of the cenderawasih bird nest and is massively found in the Imbowiari Forest, Yapen Islands Regency, Papua. Until now, there is no study on the investigation of their vertical distribution. This study aimed to identify the vertical distribution of A. nidus and the relationship with the height of the host trees. The population and samples of this study were all A. nidus existing in the Imbowiari Forest, and the samples were all A. nidus that is in the observation plot. This study employed a track path method consisting of 3 transects containing 15 observation plots. The results revealed 63 A. nidus in the area of Imbowiari Forest with the total number of host trees of 49. The A. nidus and host tree relationship was shown by the equation Y = 0,014X + 1.016 with R2 = 0,058. There was no correlation between the height of host trees and the vertical distribution of A. nidus. Keywords:  Asplenium nidus, Imbowiari Forest, vertical distribution

scholarly journals Vascular Epiphytes in Doshke and Kurpaye: A Comparative Study, Gamo Gofa, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zeleke Assefa Getaneh ◽  
Feleke Woldeyes Gamo
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Syzygium Guineense ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Gamo Gofa ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Epiphytes comprise about 10% of the world’s total flora. However, the survival of these important elements of the global vegetation is recognized to be increasingly threatened, and surveys made to study them remain far from being complete. This study has focused on investigating the vascular epiphytes (true epiphytes, hemiepiphytes, and accidental epiphytes) in Doshke and Kurpaye forests of Gamo Gofa zone, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 40 (20 in each) 25 m × 25 m quadrats were established along four line transects for vegetation data collection. A total of 35 species of vascular epiphytes were recorded in the two sites (22 and 14 species from Doshke and Kurpaye, resp.). Drynaria volkensii was the only species to be recorded from the two sites. Doshke and Kurpaye forests also varied in the number of phorophytes (17 and 10 phorophytes species, resp.). The richest epiphyte family of Doshke is Orchidaceae (5 species) and that of Kurpaye is Polypodiaceae (3 species) while Orchidaceae dominate the combined flora being represented by 7 species. In terms of vertical distribution, most species were located at the canopy area. Most vascular epiphytes showed no preference for host trees except for a few species which exhibited higher occurrence rates on the host plant species Syzygium guineense, Schrebera alata, and Acacia tortilis. Vascular epiphyte abundance and species richness were both significantly positively correlated with host tree size. Vascular epiphytes of the studied forests are under a serious pressure, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, and this may lead to their local extinction.

Meta-community structure of vascular epiphytes in a temperate rainforest

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

I quantified the occurrence of all vascular plant species inhabiting 43 Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don trees in a temperate rainforest in British Columbia, Canada, to test whether (i) epiphyte species richness increased with tree diameter, and (ii) epiphyte distributions showed evidence for nestedness, checkerboard distributions, or compartmentalization. Nine vascular plant species were observed growing epiphytically. One species ( Polypodium glycyrrhiza Eat.) is an obligate epiphyte, while the remainder typically occurred on the forest floor. Smaller host trees (<0.5 m in diameter) lacked vascular epiphytes, and species richness increased with host diameter. No evidence for nested or checkerboarded distributions was observed. However, epiphyte distributions were compartmentalized, owing to five similar shrub species that tended to co-occur jointly, generating sharp turnover in species composition between host trees with and without shrubs. The lack of co-occurrence patterns indicative of interspecific interactions among epiphytes indicates that the epiphyte meta-community is structured stochastically from species that normally grow terrestrially.

scholarly journals Multi-scale auroral observations in Apatity: winter 2010–2011

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
B. V. Kozelov ◽  
S. V. Pilgaev ◽  
L. P. Borovkov ◽  
V. E. Yurov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Geophysical Institute ◽  
Polar Geophysical Institute ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Stereoscopic System ◽  
The Web

Abstract. Routine observations of the aurora are conducted in Apatity by a set of five cameras: (i) all-sky TV camera Watec WAT-902K (1/2"CCD) with Fujinon lens YV2.2 × 1.4A-SA2; (ii) two monochromatic cameras Guppy F-044B NIR (1/2"CCD) with Fujinon HF25HA-1B (1:1.4/25 mm) lens for 18° field of view and glass filter 558 nm; (iii) two color cameras Guppy F-044C NIR (1/2"CCD) with Fujinon DF6HA-1B (1:1.2/6 mm) lens for 67° field of view. The observational complex is aimed at investigating spatial structure of the aurora, its scaling properties, and vertical distribution in the rayed forms. The cameras were installed on the main building of the Apatity division of the Polar Geophysical Institute and at the Apatity stratospheric range. The distance between these sites is nearly 4 km, so the identical monochromatic cameras can be used as a stereoscopic system. All cameras are accessible and operated remotely via Internet. For 2010–2011 winter season the equipment was upgraded by special blocks of GPS-time triggering, temperature control and motorized pan-tilt rotation mounts. This paper presents the equipment, samples of observed events and the web-site with access to available data previews.

scholarly journals Host affinity and vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids in a montane cloud forest in southern Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Hernández-Pérez ◽  
Eloy Solano ◽  
Ramiro Ríos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Vertical Zone ◽  
Bark Texture

<p class="Standard1"><strong>Background</strong>: The host´s structural characteristics provide diverse microhabitats that influence the distribution patterns of the epiphytes at different vertical zones and among tree species.</p><p class="Standard1"><strong>Hypotheses</strong>: Epiphytic orchids have preference for larger host trees and with non-exfoliating rough bark, while the limiting hosts will be those of smaller size and smooth and exfoliating bark, and there will be fewer individuals in the upper canopy of the host trees because the micro-environmental conditions are more stressful compared to the middle and lower parts of the host trees.</p><p class="Standard1"><strong>Methods</strong>: The host preferences and vertical distribution<strong> </strong>of the epiphytic orchids were analyzed in 20 montane cloud forest fragments. In each fragment, two transects of 2 × 50 m were drawn, and the trees with a diameter at a breast height ≥ 20 cm were recorded. In each tree, basal area was quantified and bark texture was characterized. In each tree and vertical zone, the orchid species present were identified and quantified.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Orchid distribution patterns vary between vertical zones and host tree species, and the richness is related to host size and bark texture. The highest species richness and number of epiphytic orchid’s individuals were recorded in host trees with fissured bark and larger size. The distribution of orchids in the host was not homogeneous nor was it related to any particular host species. However, five trees species were considered as host preferred, while five tree species were limiting hosts. The highest richness was recorded in vertical zone II and the lowest in zones I and V.</p><p class="Standard1"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Larger trees contain greater richness of epiphytic orchids, because they offer better conditions for their establishment, provide a great diversity of microhabitats, greater time and area for epiphytic colonization events. The texture of the bark is a relevant factor in the host preference, and in the hosts with smooth bark, the presence of epiphytic orchids depends on the accumulation of organic matter.</p>

scholarly journals ESTRUTURA DA SINÚSIA EPIFÍTICA E EFEITO DE BORDA EM UMA ÁREA DE TRANSIÇÃO ENTRE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECÍDUA E FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Bernardi ◽  
Jean Carlos Budke
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Forest Remnant

Tendo em vista a baixa disponibilidade de informações sobre a sinúsia epifítica vascular na região Sul do Brasil, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a estrutura de epífitos vasculares considerando o efeito de borda em uma área de transição entre Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O levantamento foi realizado em um remanescente de 60 ha na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados 499 forófitos, com perímetro a 1,3 m do solo ³ 15 cm, em 40 unidades amostrais de 10×10 m, sendo 20 localizadas em área de borda e 20 no interior do remanescente. Os forófitos foram divididos em cinco estratos, para análise da distribuição vertical das espécies, e suas estruturas comunitárias foram comparadas através de análise de agrupamento. Foram coletados dados referentes à luminosidade, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura para cada unidade amostral. As espécies com maior frequência e dominância foram Peperomia trineuroides Dahlst., para a área de borda, e Lepismium cruciforme (Vell.) Miquel para a área de interior. As estimativas de umidade, temperatura e luminosidade diferiram (P < 0,001) entre as áreas de borda e interior, enquanto que diversidade e equabilidade não foram estatisticamente diferentes. Embora não tenham ocorrido diferenças estruturais entre borda e interior, houve variação estrutural ao longo do gradiente vertical da floresta. Palavras-chave: Estratificação vertical; forófito; luminosidade; remanescente florestal; Sul do Brasil.   Abstract Structure of vascular epiphytes communities and the edge-effect relationships in a transitional area of seasonal semideciduous forest and rain mixed forest. Due to the low amount of information about the structure of epiphytes in southern Brazil the aim of this work was to describe the phytosociological structure of vascular epiphytes and edge-effect relationships in a transitional remnant between semideciduous seasonal forest and rain mixed forest. The survey was conducted in a 60 ha forest remnant located at northern Rio Grande do Sul state. We analyzed 499 host-trees with perimeter at breast height ³ 15 cm distributed in 40 sampling units of 10×10 m (20 at the edge and 20 at inside the remnant). The host-trees were divided in five strata to analyze vertical distribution of epiphytes and their community structures were compared by cluster analysis. We also collected data from lightness, relative humidity and air temperature in each sampling unit. The most frequent and dominant species were Peperomia trineuroides Dahlst. at the edge and Lepismium cruciforme (Vell.) Miq. at the inside site. Diversity and equability at both sites were not statistically different, by other hand, light, relative humidity and air temperature were quite different (P < 0.001). There are not structural differences between edge and inside sites to the epiphyte community, although slight differences occurred across the vertical forest strata to epiphyte community.Keywords: Forest remnant; host-trees; lightness; southern Brazil; vertical strata.

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