Comparative plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in cattle with induced coliform mastitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Gorden ◽  
Joshua A. Ydstie ◽  
Michael D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Troy A. Brick ◽  
Joe S. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Coliform Mastitis

Calcium ion imaging in plant cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Peter K. Hepler ◽  
Dale A. Callaham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Membrane Compartments ◽  
Free Acid Form

Calcium ions (Ca) participate in many signal transduction processes, and for that reason it is important to determine where these ions are located within the living cell, and when and to what extent they change their local concentration. Of the different Ca-specific indicators, the fluorescent dyes, developed by Grynkiewicz et al. (1), have proved most efficacious, however, their use on plants has met with several problems (2). First, the dyes as acetoxy-methyl esters are often cleaved by extracellular esterases in the plant cell wall, and thus they do not enter the cell. Second, if the dye crosses the plasma membrane it may continue into non-cytoplasmic membrane compartments. Third, even if cleaved by esterases in the cytoplasm, or introduced as the free acid into the cytoplasmic compartment, the dyes often become quickly sequestered into vacuoles and organelles, or extruded from the cell. Finally, the free acid form of the dye readily complexes with proteins reducing its ability to detect free calcium. All these problems lead to an erroneous measurement of calcium (2).

Control of interstitial fluid pressure: Role of [beta ]-integrins

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf K. Reed ◽  
Ansgar Berg ◽  
Eli-Anne B. Gjerde ◽  
Kristofer Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Pressure

Proteomic analysis of human testicular interstitial fluid reflects disordered spermatogenesis in Klinefelter's syndrome

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I McLachlan ◽  
Andrew N Stephens ◽  
Adam Rainczuk ◽  
Caroline Foo ◽  
Mark R Condina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome

Fisiopatología de la hidrocefália idiopática de presión normal (parte 3): sistemaa glinfático

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Oscar Solís-Salgado ◽  
José Luis López-Payares ◽  
Mauricio Ayala-González
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Polyethylene Glycols ◽  
Brain Interstitial Fluid ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Arterial Pulsation ◽  
The Brain

Las vías de drenaje solutos del sistema nervioso central (SNC) participan en el recambio de liquido intersticial con el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LIT-LCR), generando un estado de homeostasis. Las alteraciones dentro de este sistema homeostático afectará la eliminación de solutos del espacio intersticial (EIT) como el péptido βa y proteína tau, los cuales son sustancias neurotóxicas para el SNC. Se han utilizado técnicas experimentales para poder analizar el intercambio LIT-LCR, las cuales revelan que este intercambio tiene una estructura bien organizada. La eliminación de solutos del SNC no tiene una estructura anatómica propiamente, se han descubierto vías de eliminación de solutos a través de marcadores florecentes en el espacio subaracnoideo, cisternas de la base y sistema ventricular que nos permiten observar una serie de vías ampliamente distribuidas en el cerebro. El LCR muestra que tiene una función linfática debido a su recambio con el LIT a lo largo de rutas paravasculares. Estos espacios que rodean la superficie arterial así como los espacios de Virchow-Robin y el pie astrocitico junto con la AQP-4, facilitan la entrada de LCR para-arterial y el aclaramiento de LIT para-venoso dentro del cerebro. El flujo y dirección que toma el LCR por estas estructuras, es conducido por la pulsación arterial. Esta función será la que finalmente llevara a la eliminación de estas sustancias neurotóxicas. En base a la dependencia de este flujo para la eliminación de sustancias se propone que el sistema sea llamado “ la Vía Glinfática”. La bibliografía así como las limitaciones que se encuentran en esta revisión están dadas por la metodología de búsqueda que ha sido realizada principalmente en PubMed utilizando los siguientes términos Mesh: Cerebral Arterial Pulsation, the brain via paravascular, drainage of amyloid-beta, bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid, radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin, amyloid-β, the perivascular astroglial sheath, Brain Glymphatic Transport.

Studies on Coliform Mastitis in River Nile State, Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
B. A Amani ◽  
◽  
Intisar A.M. Osman ◽  
Abubaker A. El Ayis ◽  
Yassir A. Almofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Nile ◽  
Coliform Mastitis

The protonation of the ethylenediphosphinetetraacetate anion and the crystal structure of the bis (hydrogen bromide) of ethylenediphosphinetetraacetic acid

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3063-3073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Podlahová ◽  
Bohumil Kratochvíl ◽  
Vratislav Langer ◽  
Josef Šilha ◽  
Jaroslav Podlaha
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Partial Formation

The equilibria and mechanism of addition of protons to the ethylenediphosphinetetraacetate anion (L4-) were studied in solution by the UV, IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic methods. A total of six protons can be bonded to the anion. They are added stepwise, first with partial formation of zwitterions containing P-H bonds, which then dissociate with formation of the free acid, H4L, where all four protons are bonded in carboxyl groups. The formation of zwitterions is strongly dependent on the concentration. In the final stage, the acid bonds two additional protons to form the bis-phosphonium cation, H6L2+. A number of isostructural salts containing this cation, H4L.2 HX (X = Cl, Br, I), have been prepared. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the bromide confirmed the expected arrangement. The bromide crystals are monoclinic, a = 578.2, b = 1 425.0, c = 1 046.7 pm, β = 103.07° with a space group of P21/c, Z = 2. The final R factor was 0.059 based on 1 109 observed reflections. The structure consists of H6L2+ cations containing protons bonded to phosphorus atoms (P-H distance 134 pm) and of bromide anions, located in gaps which are also sufficiently large for I- anions in the isostructural iodide. The interbonding of phosphonium cations proceeds through hydrogen bonds, C-OH...O=C, in which the O...O distance is 275.3 pm.

Regulation of Local Angiotensin II Formation in the Human Heart in the Presence of Interstitial Fluid

Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1455-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma O. Kokkonen ◽  
Juhani Saarinen ◽  
Petri T. Kovanen
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Interstitial Fluid
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