scholarly journals Increased risk of hip fracture associated with dually treated HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfection

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 936-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Byrne ◽  
C. W. Newcomb ◽  
D. M. Carbonari ◽  
M. S. Nezamzadeh ◽  
K. B. F. Leidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

scholarly journals Risk of hip fracture associated with untreated and treated chronic hepatitis B virus infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana D. Byrne ◽  
Craig W. Newcomb ◽  
Dena M. Carbonari ◽  
Melissa S. Nezamzadeh ◽  
Kimberly B.F. Leidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Relevance of screening for Chagas and viral hepatitis in Bolivian migrants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Losada Galván ◽  
Giuseppe Gariup ◽  
Aina Casellas ◽  
Carme Subirà ◽  
Alex Almuedo-Riera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractObjectivesgiven the scarcity of data regarding prevalence of various infectious diseases in Latin-American countries, our study aims to assess the burden of T.cruzi, S.stercoralis, HIV and viral hepatitis in Latin-American migrants, with a focus on Bolivian migrants.Methodswe performed a retrospective observational study of 565 screening evaluations on adults (≥ 18 years) carried out at our referral International Healthcare service in Barcelona. We reviewed structured clinical records and microbiological results of patients attended between February 2012 and April 2015.Resultsthe median 35 years old and 74% were women. Bolivian origin accounted for 87% of the screened population. We found a 48% prevalence of T.cruzi, 16% of S.stercoralis, 0.2% of HIV, 92% of HAV, 0.2% HBV and 0.2% HCV.Conclusionsthese results support the relevance of the screening of T. cruzi and S. stercoralis in Bolivian migrants, but challenge the pertinence of systematic screening of HBV in this population.Author summaryIn response to the challenge of detecting diseases not previously present in host countries, screening programs have been implemented for migrants based on the probability of having certain diseases depending on their country of origin and / or migratory route. This increased risk is very clearly established in some cases such as Trypanosoma cruzi infection (the cause of Chagas disease) in people from Latin America; especially from Bolivia. In recent years screening recommendations for Strongyloides stercoralis in this population was proven necessary. Current recommendations regarding systematic screening for hepatitis B establish the relevance of screening based on the probability of the disease in the 2% population of origin. Since there are no reliable and up to date data regarding prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Bolivia, we aimed to analyze data available for migrants from Bolivia in Spain.Our results support the importance of screening for T. cruzi and S.stercoralis in patients from Bolivia. However, our data show a much lower prevalence of this hepatitis B virus (0.2%) than the 2% threshold that would justify systematic screening, so we question the relevance of screening for hepatitis B virus in this population in the absence of other risk factors.

scholarly journals Is it Safe for a Mother Infected with Hepatitis B Virus to Breastfeed Her Baby?

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
ASM Nawshad Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

One third of the world’s population has been infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), causing an enormous burden of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contact with blood and blood products, by sexual contact, through close contact between children (horizontal transmission), or by perinatal transmission from a carrier mother to her baby. In Asia, perinatal transmission is the major mode of transmission and those who become infected perinatally with HBV are most likely to develop chronic infection. The question of whether breastfeeding by HBV-positive mothers is an additional mechanism by which infants may acquire HBV infection, has been asked for many years. Although small amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been detected in some samples of breast milk, there is no evidence that breastfeeding by HBV-carrier mothers increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Infants born to known hepatitis B positive women should receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine, effectively eliminating any theoretical risk of transmission through breastfeeding. However, neither screening of pregnant women for HBV infection nor use of HBIG is feasible in most developing countries. Routine immunization of infants with hepatitis B vaccine is therefore recommended by the World Health Organization. Bangladesh has already included hepatitis B vaccine as part of routine childhood immunization in EPI program since 2003. Also the risk must be balanced against the increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition and diarrheal or other infectious diseases associated with replacement feeding. Malnutrition is responsible, directly or indirectly, for 6.5 million under 5 deaths annually. Thus, even where HBV infection is highly endemic and immunization against HBV is not available, breastfeeding remains the recommended method of feeding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i1.10369 BJCH 2011; 35(1): 20-25

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Vaccine Uptake among Voluntary Blood Donors in Jos: Implication on Blood Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A Zakari ◽  
ED Jatau ◽  
VT Ma'an ◽  
ME Rumji ◽  
OD Damulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a transfusion-transmissible pathogen that poses a significant threat to blood safety. The virus' burden is high in the general population and among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to more donor rejection; blood discards, and increased risk of contamination of the blood supply. Hepatitis B Virus is vaccine-preventable; increased burden of infection may suggest a gap in vaccination. The study aimed to assess the level of hepatitis B virus vaccine uptake and identify factors affecting uptake of the vaccine among voluntary non remunerated blood donors (VNRBD) in Jos, Nigeria. A survey was conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Jos, among consenting VNRBD aged between 18 and 65 years from October to December 2020 using a structured questionnaire to collect information on vaccination status, socio-demographics and others. Of the 120 VNRBD interviewed, 36.7% received one or more doses of the HBV vaccine, while the majority (63.3%) were unvaccinated. Among the unvaccinated donors, 57.9% were unaware that HBV has a vaccine, 21.1% did not know where to get the vaccine, 7.9% had no time to get vaccinated; 3.9 % believed that there was no need to get vaccinated because they tested negative for the virus, while 9.2% gave no reason. Our study found a low uptake of HBV vaccine among VNRBD in our environment. We advocate for increased awareness and strong legislation to ensure universal access to the vaccine by Nigerians.

scholarly journals Cas9-targeted nanopore sequencing reveals epigenetic heterogeneity after de novo assembly of native full-length hepatitis B virus genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Goldsmith ◽  
Damien Cohen ◽  
Anaëlle Dubois ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Martinez ◽  
Kilian Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains a 3.2 kb DNA genome and causes acute and chronic hepatitis. HBV infection is a global health problem, with 350 million chronically infected people at increased risk of developing liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methylation of HBV DNA in a CpG context (5mCpG) can alter the expression patterns of viral genes related to infection and cellular transformation. Moreover, it may also provide clues as to why certain infections are cleared or persist with or without progression to cancer. The detection of 5mCpG often requires techniques that damage DNA or introduce bias through a myriad of limitations. Therefore, we developed a method for the detection of 5mCpG on the HBV genome that does not rely on bisulfite conversion or PCR. With Cas9-guided RNPs to specifically target the HBV genome, we enriched in HBV DNA from primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) infected with different HBV genotypes, as well as enriching in HBV from infected patient liver tissue, followed by sequencing with Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION. Detection of 5mCpG by nanopore sequencing was benchmarked with bisulfite-quantitative methyl-specific qPCR (BS-qMSP). The 5mCpG levels in HBV determined by BS-qMSP and nanopore sequencing were highly correlated. Our nanopore sequencing approach achieved a coverage of ~2000× of HBV depending on infection efficiency, sufficient coverage to perform a de novo assembly and detect small fluctuations in HBV methylation, providing the first de novo assembly of native HBV DNA, as well as the first landscape of 5mCpG from native HBV sequences. Moreover, by capturing entire HBV genomes, we explored the epigenetic heterogeneity of HBV in infected patients and identified four epigenetically distinct clusters based on methylation profiles. This method is a novel approach that enables the enrichment of viral DNA in a mixture of nucleic acid material from different species and will serve as a valuable tool for infectious disease monitoring.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
In Young Cho ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Eunju Sung ◽  
Won Sohn ◽  
Jae-Heon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractThe impact of depression on the risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear. We examined the association between depression, HBV infection, and liver-related mortality. A total of 342,998 Korean adults who underwent health examinations were followed for up to 7.8 years. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 1,836,508 person-years of follow-up, 74 liver-related deaths and 54 liver cancer deaths were identified (liver-related mortality rate of 4.0 per 105 person-years and liver cancer mortality rate of 2.9 per 105 person-years). Subjects with depressive symptoms had an increased risk of liver-related mortality with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 2.00 (95% CI 1.10–3.63) compared to those without depressive symptoms. This association was more evident in HBsAg-positive participants with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 4.22 (95% CI 1.81–9.88) than HBsAg-negative participants (P for interaction by HBsAg positivity = 0.036). A similar pattern was observed in relation to liver cancer mortality. In this large cohort, depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of liver-related mortality, with a stronger association in HBsAg-positive individuals.

Fatal Hepatitis B in Early Infancy: The Importance of Identifying HBsAg-Positive Pregnant Women and Providing Immunoprophylaxis to Their Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Dietra Delaplane ◽  
Ram Yogev ◽  
Frank Crussi ◽  
Stanford T. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

Infants born to women who are asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers frequently acquire hepatitis B virus infection in infancy. The spectrum of disease in such affected infants includes mild transient acute hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carriage, and, rarely, fulminant fatal hepatitis B. Recently, the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of infantile acquisition of hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B vaccine may also be preventive in this setting. Three young infants, aged 8 to 16 weeks, who died of acute fulminant hepatitis were studied. In each instance, the mother was found, retrospectively, to be asymptomatic but HBsAg positive. One of these mothers was hepatitis B e-antigen-negative but hepatitis B e-antibody positive. All three babies were HBsAg positive; two who were tested for hepatitis B core antibody were positive. These three fatalities serve to dramatize both the importance of HBs Ag screening of pregnant women, particularly those with demographic factors that place them at increased risk for HBsAg carriage, as well as the significance of effective immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B in all offspring of women with HBsAg seropositivity.

scholarly journals Increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-positive men with prior hepatitis B virus infection

AIDS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Aldersley ◽  
David R. Lorenz ◽  
Vikas Misra ◽  
Hajime Uno ◽  
Dana Gabuzda
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus
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