scholarly journals Hepatitis B Vaccine Uptake among Voluntary Blood Donors in Jos: Implication on Blood Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A Zakari ◽  
ED Jatau ◽  
VT Ma'an ◽  
ME Rumji ◽  
OD Damulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a transfusion-transmissible pathogen that poses a significant threat to blood safety. The virus' burden is high in the general population and among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to more donor rejection; blood discards, and increased risk of contamination of the blood supply. Hepatitis B Virus is vaccine-preventable; increased burden of infection may suggest a gap in vaccination. The study aimed to assess the level of hepatitis B virus vaccine uptake and identify factors affecting uptake of the vaccine among voluntary non remunerated blood donors (VNRBD) in Jos, Nigeria. A survey was conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Jos, among consenting VNRBD aged between 18 and 65 years from October to December 2020 using a structured questionnaire to collect information on vaccination status, socio-demographics and others. Of the 120 VNRBD interviewed, 36.7% received one or more doses of the HBV vaccine, while the majority (63.3%) were unvaccinated. Among the unvaccinated donors, 57.9% were unaware that HBV has a vaccine, 21.1% did not know where to get the vaccine, 7.9% had no time to get vaccinated; 3.9 % believed that there was no need to get vaccinated because they tested negative for the virus, while 9.2% gave no reason. Our study found a low uptake of HBV vaccine among VNRBD in our environment. We advocate for increased awareness and strong legislation to ensure universal access to the vaccine by Nigerians.

The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Allain ◽  
Daniel Candotti ◽  
Kate Soldan ◽  
Francis Sarkodie ◽  
Bruce Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hbv Transmission

The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel.

scholarly journals Profile of Hepatitis B Sero Markers Among Blood Donors Attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-417
Author(s):  
Hussaini Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Saudetu Haruna Shinkafi ◽  
Ibrahim Yakubu ◽  
Hamisu Abdullahi ◽  
Ahmad Hamidu Marafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Test Component ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus, it is one of the major blood transmissible infections. The prevalence of HBV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia, where 5-20% of the adult population are infected. In Africa, up to 15 to 60% of the population are positive for at least one of the serological markers of HBV. This study aimed to determine the prevalence markers of HBV among prospective blood donors in Sokoto. Materials/methods: About 170 blood donors were randomly recruited into this research study and 5ml of blood was aseptically collected from each of the research participants, the sample was screened for Hepatitis B virus, using a rapid step-wise HBV-5 panel immunoassay of Combo Cassette Manufactured by Lusys Laboratories Inc U.S.A. The HBV-5 is capable of detecting HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb simultaneously. The test component was opened from the notch, and the device was removed, 2-3 drops (60-90µl) plasma sample was added into the sample wells in the device. The result was read within 15 minutes. Results: The prevalence rates of the markers are HBsAg 8(4.7%), HBeAg 1(0.6%), HBsAb 7(4.1%), HbeAb 8(4.7%), and HBcAb 9(5.3%). Donors aged (20-30) years had the highest prevalence rate of HBV infection compared to other age groups. Male blood donors had higher seropositivity for the five markers than their female counterpart. The prevalence of HBV markers was high among the First time donors (non-vaccinated donors) who have a higher prevalence than other donors (vaccinated donors). Conclusion: This study has shown that screening for HBsAg alone may not be sufficient for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection, and thus other markers should be included in the routine screening.

scholarly journals Assessment of hepatitis B surface antigen negative blood units for HBV DNA among replacement blood donors in a hospital based blood bank in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147
Author(s):  
Foluke Atinuke Fasola ◽  
Adeola Fowotade ◽  
Adedayo Faneye
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the greatest threats to blood safety all over the world. The laboratory algorithm based on only the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) leaves a gap for infected HBsAg negative donors to donate blood during the “window period” (WP) and late stages of infection. Objective: To estimate the frequency of the presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in HBsAg negative blood units screened using two different assays for HBsAg in a high endemic region. Methods: Frozen serum aliquot of 100 replacement blood donors who donated blood units that were HBsAg negative were retrieved and tested for HBV DNA. Sample positive for HBV DNA was sequenced by Sanger’s method, genotyped and the viral load was determined. Results: One sample (1%) was positive for HBV DNA. The HBV viral load of the sample was 768,000 IU/ml. The partial S-gene of the Hepatitis B virus isolated was genotype E using the NCBI viral genotyping tool. Conclusions: There is still a risk of HBV infected blood unit escaping detection when donor testing is limited to HBsAg screening. The use of NAT which can substantially reduce HBV infected blood donors from the donor pool should be considered. Keywords: Hepatitis B surface Antigen; Hepatitis B Virus; DNA; blood donors; blood safety.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting HBV Vaccination in a Medical Training College in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Maina ◽  
Leah Bii
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa with 70 to 90% of the population becoming infected before the age of 40 years. Healthcare workers (HCWs) including healthcare students (HCSs) are at an increased risk of contracting HBV due to occupational exposure. HCS are especially at a high risk because of their inexperience with infection control procedures and insufficient knowledge about the level of risk when dealing with patients. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, and its recommendation by Kenya’s Ministry of Health, few HCW and students are vaccinated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of awareness, attitude, practices, and access factors on hepatitis B vaccination uptake by HCS at Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC). Methods: This was a concurrent mixed methods study. For the qualitative arm, a structured questionnaire was used to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards HBV disease and vaccination. Accessibility of the HBV vaccine in the participating campuses was also assessed. Two FGDs were carried out: one comprised of members of the participating campuses while the second comprised members of staff. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA (version 15) while NVIVO (version 11) was used for qualitative data. Results: Out of 634 students invited to participate in the study, 487 participated (response rate 76.81%). HBV vaccine uptake rate was 76.18% while the non-vaccination rate was 19.10%. Full vaccination was reported by only 21.78% of respondents. The major reason for not receiving the recommended doses was that the vaccine was not available when the students went for it. The qualitative study revealed challenges in the implementation of the vaccination program at KMTC. Conclusions: A clear policy on mandatory vaccination of students and staff is required. In addition, the HBV vaccine should be readily available, affordable and accessible at all times. Regular review of the curricula in medical colleges to include current vaccination recommendations could aid in improving the vaccination status of healthcare workers in particular and the larger community in general.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting HBV Vaccination in a Medical Training College in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Maina ◽  
Leah Bii
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background : Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa with 70 to 90% of the population becoming infected before the age of 40 years. Healthcare workers (HCWs) including healthcare students (HCSs) are at an increased risk of contracting HBV due to occupational exposure. HCSs are especially at a high risk because of their inexperience with infection control procedures and insufficient knowledge about the level of risk when dealing with patients. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, and its recommendation by Kenya’s Ministry of Health, few HCW and students are vaccinated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of awareness, attitude, practices, and access factors on hepatitis B vaccination uptake by HCSs at Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC). Methods : This was a concurrent mixed methods study. For the quantitative arm, a structured questionnaire was used to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards HBV disease and vaccination. Accessibility of the HBV vaccine in the participating campuses was also assessed. Two FGDs were carried out: one comprised of student representatives of the participating campuses while the second comprised of members of staff. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA (version 15) while NVIVO (version 11) was used for qualitative data. Results: Out of 634 students invited to participate in the study, 487 participated (response rate 76.8%). Majority of the respondents were from Nairobi Campus (44.2%) and from the Department of Nursing (31.2%). HBV vaccine uptake rate was 85.8% while the non-vaccination rate was 14.3%. Full vaccination was reported by only 20.2% of respondents. The major reason for not receiving the recommended doses was the unavailability of the vaccine when students went for it. The qualitative study revealed challenges in the implementation of the vaccination program at KMTC. Conclusions Full vaccination rates remained low despite good knowledge of HBV infection and positive attitude towards vaccination. There is therefore need to streamline vaccination programs in medical colleges to ensure availability and accessibility of the vaccine to healthcare students. Key words: HBV vaccination, Vaccine Uptake, Health Care Students, Kenya

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and its predictors among volunteer blood donors in Jimma, Ethiopia, 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Solomon ◽  
Debele Mekonnen ◽  
Mamo Nigatu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background: Transfusion of contaminated blood causes a significant burden of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally and more than 45,000 infections in Sub-Saharan Africa annually. However, very few studies were conducted in Ethiopia to assess the status of HBV. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV and its predictors among volunteer blood donors in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among volunteer blood donors who consecutively included from March 10 - April 20, 2018. The detection of the virus was made through the investigation of the Hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum. Data collected through a structured questionnaire were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 20. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval computed using multivariable logistic regression and statistical significance established at P<0.05. Results: A total of 548 (98.7%) volunteer blood donors participated. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 16 (2.92%) with 12 (4.5%) and 4 (1.4%) prevalence among males and females respectively. Male sex [AOR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.01-10.68], age 18-24 years [AOR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.36-0.78], frequency of donation [AOR= 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08-0.76] and exposure to unsafe therapeutic drug injection [AOR= 6.98, 95%CI: 1.66-29.29] were significant factors for HBV infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV in the study area was intermediate. Age, sex, frequency of donation, and exposure to unsafe therapeutic drug injection were independent predictors of HBV. Therefore, the blood bank should focus on blood donation among identified low-risk groups and should strengthen counseling for repeated volunteer blood donors.

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum of ‘anti-HBc only’-positive healthy Lebanese blood donors: significance and possible implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Zaatari ◽  
H. Kazma ◽  
M. Naboulsi-Majzoub ◽  
M. Haidar ◽  
F. Ramlawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Dna ◽  
B Virus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document