scholarly journals Infestation of arboreal nests of coatis by triatomine species, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , in a large Neotropical wetland

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Saab de Lima ◽  
Fabiana Lopes Rocha ◽  
Fernanda Moreira Alves ◽  
Elias Seixas Lorosa ◽  
Ana Maria Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Triatomine Species

scholarly journals The palm tree Copernicia cerifera (carnaúba) as an ecotope of Rhodnius nasutus in rural areas of the State of Piauí Northeastern Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur da S. Pinto ◽  
Dalva N. da C. Bento
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Triatomine Species

The C. cerifera palm tree (carnaúba) is widely distributed in the Northeastem Brazil, including the State of Piauí. This investigation revealed that R. nasutus is the ortly triatomine species captured on that palm tree, in five different localities. 78% of palm trees were infested with triatomines, and 4.0% were infected with flagellates morphologically and biologically indistinguishable from Trypanosoma cruzi. Birds, rodents and marsupials were found as major blood meai sources for R. nasutus.

Trypanosoma cruzi-triatomine associations and the presence of mixed infections in single triatomine bugs in Paraná state, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Spitzner ◽  
Jorge Freitas ◽  
Andréa Macedo ◽  
Max Ornelas Toledo ◽  
Silvana Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Panstrongylus Megistus ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Triatomine Bugs ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Coii Gene

AbstractEighteen strains of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from two species of triatomines in the state of Paraná, Brazil, were characterized molecularly using three strategies: RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) with four primers, analysis of the D7 polymorphic region of the 24Sα rDNA, and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) of region 5′ of the mitochondrial gene COII (cytochrome oxidase subunit 2). The phenogram constructed with the RAPD data showed that only three strains isolated from Panstrongylus megistus collected in the Municipality of Arapongas were grouped together in a sub-branch. None of the other 15 strains could be clustered according to triatomine species or geographical origin. The strains were grouped with the T. cruzi I reference sample, indicating closer association with the sylvatic transmission cycle of T. cruzi in the state of Paraná. However, analyses of the rDNA and COII gene polymorphisms revealed the presence of populations from both T. cruzi I and II major lineages. In half of the analyzed triatomines, we found parasites from both lineages coinfecting the same bugs. Of these, most (6/9) were isolated from Triatoma sordida, and 3/9 from Panstrongylus megistus. These results contribute to a better comprehension of the ecoepidemiology of Chagas’ disease in Paraná, and raise questions about the role of studies of polyclonal population dynamics for controlling the transmission of T. cruzi to humans in this region.

scholarly journals Modelling geospatial distributions of the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bender ◽  
Andre Python ◽  
Steve W. Lindsay ◽  
Nick Golding ◽  
Catherine L Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Public Database ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Residual Transmission ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Key Indicators

AbstractApproximately 150 triatomine species are known to be infected with the Chagas parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, but they differ in the risk they pose to human populations. The largest risk comes from species that have a domestic life cycle and these species have been targeted by indoor residual spraying campaigns, which have been successful in many locations. It is now important to consider residual transmission that may be linked to persistent populations of dominant vectors, or to secondary or minor vectors. The aim of this project was to define the geographical distributions of the community of triatomine species in Latin America. Presence-only data with over 12, 000 observations of triatomine vectors were extracted from a public database and target-group background data were generated to account for sampling bias in the presence data. Geostatistical regression was then applied to estimate species distributions and fine-scale distribution maps were generated for thirty triatomine vector species. The results for Panstrongylus geniculatus, P. megistus, Triatoma barberi, T. brasiliensis, and T. pseudomaculata are presented in detail and the model validation results for each of the 30 species are presented in full. The predictive maps for all species are made publicly available so that they can be used to assess the communities of vectors present within different regions of the endemic zone. The maps are presented alongside key indicators for the capacity of each species to transmit T. cruzi to humans. These indicators include infection prevalence, evidence for human blood meals, and colonisation or invasion of homes. A summary of these indicators shows that the majority of the 30 species mapped by this study have the potential to transmit T. cruzi to humans.Author summaryThe Pan American Health Organisation’s Strategy and Plan of Action for Chagas Disease Prevention, Control and Care highlights the importance of eliminating those triatomine vector species that colonise homes, and has had great success in many locations. Since indoor residual spraying campaigns have targeted these species, their importance relative to other vectors has diminished and their geographical distributions may also have changed. It is now vital to consider the full community of vector species, including previously dominant vectors as well as secondary or minor vector species, in order to target residual transmission to humans. Our aim was to define the geographical distributions of the most commonly reported triatomine species in Latin America. We extracted reports of triatomine vector species observed at specific locations from a public database and we used a geostatistical model to generate fine-scale predictive maps for thirty triatomine vector species. We present these maps alongside a summary of key indicators related to the capacity of each species to transmit the Chagas parasite to humans. We show that most of the 30 species that we have mapped pose a potential threat to human populations.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi strains from triatomine collected in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Rimoldi Ribeiro ◽  
Vagner José Mendonça ◽  
Renata Tomé Alves ◽  
Isabel Martinez ◽  
Renato Freitas de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Abdominal Compression ◽  
Insect Identification ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Panstrongylus Geniculatus

OBJECTIVE Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. METHODS First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. RESULTS Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding of the parasite-vector-host relationship.

scholarly journals Effect of the saliva from different triatomine species on the biology and immunity of TLR-4 ligand and Trypanosoma cruzi-stimulated dendritic cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tays Mendes ◽  
Tamires Marielem Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Marcos Vinicius da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê ◽  
Rafaela Mano Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Triatomine Species

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi Parasite Load Modulates the Circadian Activity Pattern of Triatoma infestans

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Francisco Chacón ◽  
Catalina Muñoz-San Martín ◽  
Antonella Bacigalupo ◽  
Bárbara Álvarez-Duhart ◽  
Rigoberto Solís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
First Time

American trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted mainly in endemic areas by blood-sucking triatomine vectors. Triatoma infestans is the most important vector in the southern cone of South America, exhibiting a nocturnal host-seeking behavior. It has been previously documented that the parasite produces changes in some triatomine species, but this is the first time that the behavior of a vector has been evaluated in relation to its parasite load. After comparing the movement events and distance traveled of infected and non-infected T. infestans, we evaluated the change produced by different T. cruzi parasite loads on its circadian locomotor activity. We observed differences between infected and non-infected triatomines, and a significant relation between the parasite load and the increase in locomotor activity of T. infestans, which was accentuated during the photophase. This could have direct implications on the transmission of T. cruzi, as the increased movement and distance traveled could enhance the contact of the vector with the host, while increasing the predation risk for the vector, which could both constitute a risk for vectorial and oral transmission to mammals.

Multiple Discrete Typing Units of Trypanosoma cruzi Infect Sylvatic Triatoma dimidiata and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus in Southeast Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Díaz-Valdez Joselín ◽  
Martínez Ignacio ◽  
Rodríguez-Moreno Ángel ◽  
Gutiérrez-Granados Gabriel ◽  
León-Villegas Rodrigo Isaias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Los Tuxtlas ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
First Report ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Southeast Mexico

Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. According to its genetic characteristics, this parasite is divided into six groups (TcI–TcVI) called discrete typing units (DTUs). Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted to humans by insects of the Triatominae family. In Mexico, despite having a great variety of triatomine species, little is known about vector sylvatic populations and the DTUs associated with them. In this work, molecular markers such as minicircle, miniexon, 18S, and 24S ribosomal genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the hsp70 gene were used to determine the DTUs present in vectors from rural communities and sylvatic areas inside the Biosphere Reserve Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, in southeast Mexico. One hundred triatomines were collected and two species were identified: Triatoma dimidiata and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus. The infection with T. cruzi was determined in 29% of analyzed vectors from the domestic area and TcI was the predominant DTU. Furthermore, 71% of vectors from the sylvatic environment were infected and TcI, TcII, TcIV, and TcVI were identified. One female and one male of P. rufotuberculatus were infected only with TcI. This is the first report of TcVI in T. dimidiata from the sylvatic area in México and the first report of P. rufotuberculatus infected with T. cruzi in Mexico.

scholarly journals Influence of ecological factors on the presence of a triatomine species associated with the arboreal habitat of a host of Trypanosoma cruzi

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Ocaña-Mayorga ◽  
Simón E. Lobos ◽  
Verónica Crespo-Pérez ◽  
Anita G. Villacís ◽  
C. Miguel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Arboreal Habitat

scholarly journals Environment, interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi and its host, and health

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S32-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio R. L. Teixeira ◽  
Clever Gomes ◽  
Silene P. Lozzi ◽  
Mariana M. Hecht ◽  
Ana de Cássia Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Environmental Level

An epidemiological chain involving Trypanosoma cruzi is discussed at the environmental level, and in terms of fine molecular interactions in invertebrate and vertebrate hosts dwelling in different ecosystems. This protozoan has a complex, genetically controlled plasticity, which confers adaptation to approximately 40 blood-sucking triatomine species and to over 1,000 mammalian species, fulfilling diverse metabolic requirements in its complex life-cycle. The Tr. cruzi infections are deeply embedded in countless ecotypes, where they are difficult to defeat using the control methods that are currently available. Many more field and laboratory studies are required to obtain data and information that may be used for the control and prevention of Tr. cruzi infections and their various disease manifestations. Emphasis should be placed on those sensitive interactions at cellular and environmental levels that could become selected targets for disease prevention. In the short term, new technologies for social mobilization should be used by people and organizations working for justice and equality through health information and promotion. A mass media directed program could deliver education, information and communication to protect the inhabitants at risk of contracting Tr. cruzi infections.

scholarly journals Higher temperatures reduce the number of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites in the vector Triatoma pallidipennis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice González-Rete ◽  
Ana E. Gutiérrez-Cabrera ◽  
José Antonio de Fuentes-Vicente ◽  
Paz María Salazar-Schettino ◽  
Margarita Cabrera-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Warming Scenario ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Global Warming Scenario ◽  
Two Temperatures

Abstract Background Relatively little is known about how pathogens transmitted by vector insects are affected by changing temperatures analogous to those occurring in the present global warming scenario. One expectation is that, like their ectothermic vectors, an increase in temperature could reduce their fitness. Here, we have investigated the effect of high temperatures on the abundance of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites during infection in the vector Triatoma pallidipennis. Methods We exposed T. pallidipennis nymphs to two strains (Morelos and Chilpancingo) of T. cruzi. Once infected, the fifth-instar bugs were distributed among three different temperature groups, i.e. 20, 30, and 34 °C, and the resulting parasites were counted when the bugs reached adulthood. Results The number of parasites increased linearly with time at 20 °C and, to a lesser extent, at 30 °C, especially in the Chilpancingo compared to the Morelos strain. Conversely, at 34 °C, the number of parasites of both strains decreased significantly compared to the other two temperatures. Conclusions These results suggest negative effects on the abundance of T. cruzi in T. pallidipennis at high temperatures. This is the first evidence of the effect of high temperatures on a pathogenic agent transmitted by an insect vector in the context of global warming. Further tests should be done to determine whether this pattern occurs with other triatomine species and T. cruzi strains. Graphical abstract

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