Effects of dietary fibre level and body weight of pigs on nutrient digestibility and available energy in high‐fibre diet based on wheat bran or sunflower meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1895-1907
Author(s):  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Dongli Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary fibre on blood pressure

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie M. Margetts ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
Robert Vandongen ◽  
Bruce K. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake

1. Eighty-eight healthy omnivores with normal blood pressure participated in a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial of the effect on blood pressure of increasing dietary fibre intake. Subjects were randomly allocated to a control group eating a low fibre diet throughout, or to one of two experimental groups eating a high fibre diet for one of two 6-week experimental periods. Changes in body weight, other dietary constituents and lifestyle factors were avoided as far as possible. 2. Twenty-four hour diet records showed a substantial increase in dietary fibre when subjects were on the high fibre diet. 3. There was no consistent effect of change in dietary fibre intake on group mean systoloic or diastolic blood pressures. Adjusting blood pressures for changes in other dietary components, plasma lipids, electrolytes, body weight and other lifestyle variables did not alter this result. 4. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the blood pressure lowering effect of a vegetarian diet is solely due to an increase in fibre intake.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temoperature on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility, degree of fermentation in the hind-gut and energy metabolism in pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Jørgensen ◽  
Xin-Quan Zhao ◽  
Bjørn O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Hind Gut

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to provide detailed information about the effect of dietary fibre (DF)level on the development of the digestive tract, on nutrient digestibility and on energy and protein metabolism of pigs housed in low (13°) or high (23°) thermal environments. Low- and high-fibre diets (59 v. 268 g DF/kg DM) were studied in three balance periods with fistulated pigs in the weight range 45-120 kg. Heat production was measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. Pea fibre and pectin were used to adjust theDF level in the high-fibre diet. Per kg empty body weight the stomach, caecum and colon and the length of colon were significantly greater in pigs consuming the high-fibre diet than in those on the low-fibre diet. Pigs kept at low temperature had significantly heavier caecums than those kept at the high temperature. Digestibilities of protein, DM and energy were lowest for the high-fibre diet. Only minor amounts of NSP and its constituent sugars were degraded anterior to the ileum, whereas in the hind-gut the fermentation of the total NSP fraction was high, being 0·77 for the high-fibre diet and 0·59 for the low-fibre diet. Feeding the high-fibre diet increased the flow of digesta through the terminal ileum 5-6-fold and an extra 460 g organic matter was fermented daily in the hind-gut compared with pigs fed on the low-fibre diet. The amount of retained energy as a proportion of metabolizable energy decreased in relation to the amount of energy fermented in the hind-gut. Based on the present data it was estimated that the relative value of energy derived from hind-gut fermentation was 0·73 in comparison with energy enzymically digested in the small intestine. There was negligible effect of the temperature –fibre interaction on energy metabolism. However, it could be calculated that the decrease in temperature from 23° to 13° was associated with an increase in heat production by 2.9 MJ/pig per d.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Fat High-Fibre Diet and Mitratapide on Body Weight Reduction, Blood Pressure and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1305-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina PEÑA ◽  
Lourdes SUAREZ ◽  
Inmaculada BAUTISTA-CASTAÑO ◽  
M. Candelaria JUSTE ◽  
Elena CARRETÓN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

scholarly journals The influence of dietary fibre on body composition, visceral organ weight, digestibility and energy balance in rats housed in different thermal environments

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinquan Zhao ◽  
Henry Jørgensen ◽  
Bjørn O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study was undertaken to provide detailed information on the effect of dietary fibre (DF) level on body composition, visceral organ weight, nutrient digestibility and on energy and protein metabolism of rats housed in cold (16°), warm (24°) or hot (32°) thermal environments. High- or low-fibre diets (257 v. 56 g DF/kg dry matter (DM)) were studied in a 6-week balance experiment (initial body weight about 100 g). Heat production was measured using open-air circuit respiration chambers. Pea fibre and pectin were used to adjust the DF level in the high-fibre diet. The ranking order of daily gain of rats kept in different environments was: 24°>16°>32°, while the ranking order for carcass protein was: 16°>24°>32°. Rats on the high-DF diet had a lower daily gain than those on the low DF diet, and more protein in DM of empty body weight (EBW) and less fat. The relative weights (g/kg EBW) of liver, heart and kidney decreased when increasing the environmental temperature. The relative weight of the heart was highest in rats on the high DF level, while liver and kidney weights were unaffected by DF. Per kg EBW, the stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon and the length of colon were significantly greater in rats consuming the high-fibre diet compared with those on the low-fibre diet. Rats kept at low temperature had a significantly heavier gastrointestinal (GI) tract than those kept at the highest temperature. Digestibility of protein, DM and energy was lowest for rats fed on the high-fibre diet. Heat production (HP) of fed rats as well as fasting HP decreased significantly as environmental temperature increased. HP as a proportion of metabolizable energy (ME) was significantly lower for rats at 24° compared with the other environmental temperatures. The proportion of energy retained as protein was slightly higher in rats fed on the high-fibre than on the low-fibre diet. Based on the results of the present study the authors measured a net energy value of 5·4 kJ/g DF fermented; approximately 50% of the DF came from peas. Possible implications of the present findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of fibre level, particle size and adaptation period on digestibility and rate of passage as measured at the ileum and in the faeces in the adult rabbit

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gidenne
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

The use of specific methods other than gravimetric ones to analyse fibre permitted a more precise study of the degradation of cell wall (CW) in the digestive tract. Digesta flow and rate of passage measurements have not been assessed previously in rabbits to investigate fibre digestion and fibre effects simultaneously in the proximal and in the distal segments of the tract. The effect of the level of dietary fibre on ileal and overall digestibility and rate of passage were studied by comparing semi-purified diets containing only one source of CW (dehydrated lucerne (Medicago sativa) meal) given to adult female rabbits. The effect of fibre particle size and adaptation period were also investigated. Measurements of fibre composition using both colorimetric and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques, showed that large amounts of (CW) were degraded in the caecocolic segments. Increasing dietary fibre level reduced the rate of passage but fibre degradation was increased, at the same time a lower digestive efficiency for energy in the small intestine was found. A small quantity of CW was apparently degraded before the caecum, assuming that the water-soluble fraction of CW was essentially implicated. Grinding lucerne meal through a 1 mm instead of a 3 mm screen did not improve CW digestibility in spite of a longer rate of passage in the caeco-colic segments. Adaptation to a high-fibre diet resulted in an higher digestive volume for colon and caecum, related to an improved degradation of CW. Furthermore, digestive efficiency in the small intestine appeared higher for rabbits adapted to a high-fibre diet than that for rabbits initially fed on a low-fibre diet.

Abstract 62: Dietary Fibre Attenuates Hypertension By Reducing Macrophage Infiltration Via Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite-Sensing Receptors

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikeish R Muralitharan ◽  
Evany Dinakis ◽  
Chudan Xu ◽  
Liang Xie ◽  
Hamdi Jama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

High dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota, resulting in the release of metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Both fibre and SCFAs can reduce high blood pressure (BP) and its associated cardio-renal complications. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. SCFAs can be detected by metabolite-sensing receptors GPR41 and GPR43, highly expressed by immune cells such as macrophages. We hypothesised that dietary fibre attenuates hypertension by modulating renal macrophage infiltration via metabolite-sensing receptors GPR41 and GPR43. To test this, we developed a novel GPR41/GPR43 double knockout (DKO) mice and characterised the cardiovascular and immune phenotype in both sham and angiotensin-II (Ang-II, 0.5mg/kg/day) treated DKO and wild-type (WT) mice (n=7-12 per group). WT Ang-II mice fed a high-fibre diet had significantly lower renal galectin-3 (p=0.0004), a macrophage marker, compared to WT Ang-II mice fed a low-fibre diet. Sham DKO mice on standard chow diet had no difference in BP or heart function but had higher kidney/tibia length index (p=0.049) and renal fibrosis levels compared to WT mice (p=0.004). Moreover, untreated DKO mice had higher numbers of renal macrophages compared to WT mice (p=0.002). Ang-II infusion of DKO mice resulted in higher BP (p<0.0001), renal fibrosis (p=0.007), and mortality (hazard ratio=5.6) compared to WT mice. In the gut, we found significant inflammatory changes, gut barrier integrity disruption, gut microbiota and metabolome changes (all p<0.05). We also found evidence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation from the gut into the circulation of DKO mice. In conclusion, we show that a high-fibre diet attenuates hypertension by modulating renal macrophages via the gut microbiota-derived metabolite-sensing GPR41 and GPR43 receptors. These receptors can be targeted as a novel treatment for hypertension.

High Fibre Diets and Irritable Bowel Syndrome — The Role of the Dietitian

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Lowell ◽  
V. Morrison ◽  
C.K.W. Lai ◽  
C.C. Khin ◽  
N.A.G. Mowat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Irritable Bowel

A high fibre diet is commonly used in Britain in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),1 although the efficacy of dietary fibre and of professional dietetic advice is not proven. This study was designed to assess whether the intake of dietary fibre could be related to the time spent receiving dietary advice.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary fibre source and level on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility and energy metabolism in broiler chickens

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry JøRgensen ◽  
Xin-Quan Zhao ◽  
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen ◽  
Bjørn O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to provide detailed information about the effect of fibre source (pea fibre, wheat bran or oat bran) at inclusion levels of 0, 187 and 375 g/kg diet on the development of the digestive tract, nutrient digestibility and energy and protein metabolism in broiler chickens. Heat production was measured using open-air-circuit respiration chambers. Diets with increasing levels of pea fibre decreased the DM in droppings and increased excreta output (2·5-fold) relative to DM intake. Adaptation to increased dietary fibre levels included increases in the size of the digestive system, with pea fibre exerting a stronger impact than wheat bran or oat bran. The length of the intestine, and particularly the length and weight of the caecum, increased with the fibre level. The digestibility of all nutrients also decreased with increasing fibre level. The decrease in the digestibility in relation to NSP for the three fibre sources was bigger for oat bran (0·0020 per g dietary NSP) than for pea fibre and wheat bran (0·0014 and 0·0016 per g dietary NSP) indicating that the cell walls in oat bran (aleurone and subaleurone) had a significant negative effect on the digestibility of cellular nutrients, i.e. protein and fat. The degradation of the NSP constituents was far lower in chickens than found in other animal species such as pigs and rats, thus supporting the view that chickens do not ferment fibre polymers to a great extent. Excretion of organic acids (mainly lactic acid and acetic acid) accounted for up to 2% of metabolizable energy (ME) intake with the highest excretion for the high-fibre diets. H2excretion was related to the amount of NSP degraded and indicated higher microbial fermentation with increasing fibre levels. The chickens' feed intake responded to a great extent to dietary ME concentration but expressed in terms of metabolic body size (W0·75) ME intake was depressed at the high fibre levels. Dietary NSP was able to explain between 86% (oat bran) and 96% (pea fibre) of the variation in ME concentration. The amount of energy available from fermentation of NSP appears to reach a maximum of 42 KJ/d independent of fibre source and level. Expressed in relation to ME intake the NSP fermentation contributed 3-4%. With increasing fibre intake the partitioning of retained energy between body protein and body fat changed in favour of protein.

scholarly journals Effects of rearing feeding programme on the young rabbit females’ behaviour and welfare indicators

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Martínez-Paredes ◽  
L. Ródenas ◽  
J.J. Pascual ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
G. Brecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Young Rabbit ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum

<p>Restriction of young rabbit females during rearing is a widespread management technique that could have negative consequences on their welfare and behaviour. In the present work, a total of 24 young rabbit females aged 9 wk were used to evaluate 3 rearing feeding programmes until first parturition: CAL, fed ad libitum with a control diet [C: 11.0 MJ digestible energy (DE) and 114 g digestible protein (DP) per kg dry matter (DM)]; CR, receiving the C diet restricted (140 g/d) from 12 wk of age; and F, fed ad libitum with a low energy/high fibre diet [F: 8.7 MJ DE and 88 g DP per kg DM]. F females presented lower body weight than CAL and CR females at week 18 (–0.4 kg and –0.2 kg; P&lt;0.05), but differences in body weight disappeared at parturition. Feeding programme affected the daily feed intake of young females during rearing and gestation periods (on av. of 2 periods: 140, 127 and 179 g DM/d, for CAL, CR and F females, respectively; P&lt;0.001). Blood levels of glucose and insulin decreased with the age of rabbits (from 97 to 73 mg/dL for glucose and from 11 to 6 μUI/mL for insulin at 13 and 20 wk, respectively; P&lt;0.001). Concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was higher in the blood of CAL females (+0.13 mmol/L compared to F; P&lt;0.05), while corticosterone was higher in F females (+0.7 μg/dL compared to CAL; P&lt;0.05). The type of feeding schedule affected the lying still and eating behaviour (P&lt;0.01) of CR females, especially before and after feeding supply, as well as their behavioural stressed indicators (stereotypies; P&lt;0.01), which were more frequent in CR females before feeding supply at 20 weeks of age. Therefore, ad libitum use of a low energy/high fibre diet is an adequate feeding programme for young rabbit females, which does not alter their behavioural patterns.</p>

Manure production of first-litter sows fed a high-fibre diet during gestation

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Robert ◽  
C. Farmer ◽  
J. Rushen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Urine Excretion ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Production Body

Urine and faeces production, water intake and body condition were investigated in 19 pregnant gilts fed a concentrated (CONC: 2 kg d−1, 2.2% CF) or high-fibre diet (HF: 3.6 g d−1 20.4% CF). Gilts fed HF drank less (P < 0.05) than CONC, but urine excretion did not differ significantly. More faeces were excreted by HF than CONC (P < 0.001), with similar dry matter contents. Total daily manure production, body weight and backfat thickness were similar among treatments. Key words: Fibre, sow, manure, urine, faeces, gestation

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