Supplementation of distiller's grains during late gestation in beef cows consuming low-quality forage decreases uterine, but not mammary, blood flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. e154-e164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mordhorst ◽  
C. A. Zimprich ◽  
L. E. Camacho ◽  
M. L. Bauer ◽  
K. A. Vonnahme
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Distiller's Grains

scholarly journals Late gestation supplementation of corn dried distiller’s grains plus solubles to beef cows fed a low-quality forage: III. effects on mammary gland blood flow, colostrum and milk production, and calf body weights

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3337-3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C Kennedy ◽  
James J Gaspers ◽  
Bethany R Mordhorst ◽  
Gerald L Stokka ◽  
Kendall C Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Distiller's Grains ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract Objectives were to investigate the effects of supplementation with corn dried distiller’s grains plus solubles (DDGS) to late gestating beef cows on arterial blood flow to the mammary glands during late gestation and early lactation; colostrum and milk production; dystocia and immunity; and calf BW. Cows were fed a control (CON; n = 15; 5.1% CP; 36.2% ADF) diet consisting of 90% corn stover and 10% corn silage on a dry basis offered ad libitum or CON diet with supplementation of DDGS (0.30% of BW; SUP n = 12). Mammary gland blood flow was assessed on day 245 of gestation. At parturition, maternal and calving parameters were assessed; colostrum and jugular blood was sampled; and dams were weighed. Mammary gland blood flow and milk production was measured on day 44 of lactation. Calves were weighed fortnightly for 8 wk and at weaning. Colostrum production tended to be greater in SUP dams than in CON dams (837 vs. 614 ± 95 g, P = 0.10). Calves of SUP dams were heavier at birth and 24 h (0 h, 43.2 vs. 39.8 ± 1.0 kg, P = 0.02; 24 h, 44.0 vs. 40.4 ± 1.1 kg, P = 0.02). At birth and 24 h, blood pCO2 was greater in calves born to SUP dams (6.82 vs. 6.00 ± 0.41 kPa, P = 0.04). Serum IgG did not differ (P = 0.21) at 24 h. Ipsilateral mammary gland blood flow of SUP cows was greater than CON cows (2.76 vs. 1.76 ± 0.30 L/min; P = 0.03); however, when summed with contralateral, total blood flow was similar (P = 0.33). Hemodynamic measures on day 44 of lactation were similar (P ≥ 0.32). Milk production tended to be increased (13.5 vs. 10.2 ± 1.2 kg/d, P = 0.07) in SUP vs. CON cows. Despite similar BW through 56 d, calves from SUP cows were heavier (P = 0.04) at weaning (309.7 vs. 292.0 ± 6.0 kg). In conclusion, we accept our hypothesis that DDGS supplementation during gestation influenced mammary blood flow, milk production and calf weights. These findings implicate maternal nutrition’s leverage on both nutrient and passive immunity delivery to the calf early in life as well as potential advantages on long-term performance.

1135 A meta-analysis of the impacts of maternal weight and fetal sex on uterine blood flow and maternal heart rate in beef cows from mid- to late-gestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 545-545
Author(s):  
A. R. Tanner ◽  
M. L. Bauer ◽  
V. C. Kennedy ◽  
B. Mordhorst ◽  
L. E. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Maternal Heart Rate

scholarly journals 267 Supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil to late-gestating beef cows: Impacts on performance and physiological responses of the offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
Osvaldo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract This experiment compared performance and physiological responses of the offspring from cows supplemented with Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) or prilled saturated fat (CON) during late gestation. Non-lactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows (n = 104) that conceived during the same fixed-time artificial insemination protocol, using semen from 2 sires, were used in this experiment. Cows were ranked by pregnancy sire, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS). On d 180 of gestation (d -15), cows were randomly assigned to receive (dry matter basis) 415 g of soybean meal per cow daily in addition to 1) 195 g/cow daily of CSSO (n = 52) or 2) 170 g/cow daily of CON (n = 52). Cows were maintained in 2 pastures (26 cows/treatment per pasture), and received daily 12.7 kg/cow (dry matter basis) of grass-alfalfa hay. From d 0 until calving, cows were segregated into 1 of 24 feeding pens thrice weekly and received treatments individually. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and blood samples were collected on d -15 of the experiment and within 12 h after calving. Calf BW was also recorded and blood sample collected within 12 h of calving. Calves were weaned on d 290 of the experiment, preconditioned for 35 d (d 291 to 325), and transferred to a feedyard where they remained until slaughter. Upon calving, CSSO cows and calves had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic acid and total ω - 6 FA compared with CON cohorts. No differences in calf birth BW, weaning BW, and final preconditioning BW were noted (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Average daily gain and final BW in the feedlot were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in steers from CSSO cows compared with CON. The incidence of calves diagnosed with BRD that required a second antimicrobial treatment was less (P = 0.03) in calves from CSSO cows, resulting in reduced (P = 0.05) need of treatments to regain health compared with CON (Table 5). Upon slaughter, longissimus muscle area was greater (P = 0.03) in calves from CSSO cows compared with CON. Collectively, these results suggest that supplementing CSSO to late-gestating beef cows stimulated programming effects on postnatal offspring growth and Page 2 of 15 For Peer Review health. Therefore, supplementing late-gestating beef cows with CSSO appears to optimize offspring welfare and productivity in beef production systems.

scholarly journals 71 Effects of timing of supplementation during late gestation in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on post-weaning growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of steer progeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Vinicius Gouvea ◽  
Rhaiza Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain

Abstract This study evaluated the growth, immunity, and carcass characteristics of beef steers born to cows offered dried distillers grains (DDG) at different timing during late gestation. Approximately 84 d before calving (d 0), 84 mature Brangus cows were stratified by BW and BCS (422 ± 42 kg; 5.0 ± 0.14) and allocated into 1 of 6 bahiagrass pastures (14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures: 1) no prepartum supplementation (CON); 2) 1 kg/d DDG from d 0 to 84 (LATE84); or 3) 2 kg/d from d 0 to 42 (LATE42). Calves were weaned at 261 ± 23 d of age. At weaning, 38 steers were vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) and transported to a feedlot facility. Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture distribution and fed a similar diet until slaughter (d 587). Data were analyzed as complete randomized design using MIXED procedure of SAS, pasture as the experimental unit, treatment as fixed effect, and pasture(treatment) and steer(pasture) as random effects. Steer feedlot BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON steers 2 d after feedlot entry. Plasma cortisol and seroconversion for BVDV-1 and PI-3 did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. The percentage of carcasses grading Choice did not differ (P = 0.13), but carcasses grading low Choice were greater (P = 0.03) for CON vs. LATE42, with LATE84 being intermediate (91, 40, and 58%, respectively). Thus, prepartum dried distillers grain supplementation to B. indicus-influenced cows did not enhance feedlot growth but had subtle positive impacts on carcass quality and innate immunity in steer progeny. In addition, timing of dried distillers grain supplementation (last 84 d vs. first 42 d of late gestation) did not impact steer post-weaning feedlot performance and carcass quality.

scholarly journals Inhaled carbon monoxide does not cause pulmonary vasodilation in the late-gestation fetal lamb

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. L779-L784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa R. Grover ◽  
Robyn L. Rairigh ◽  
Jeanne P. Zenge ◽  
Steven H. Abman ◽  
John P. Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Pulmonary Vasodilation

As observed with nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) binds and may activate soluble guanylate cyclase and increase cGMP levels in smooth muscle cells in vitro. Because inhaled NO (INO) causes potent and sustained pulmonary vasodilation, we hypothesized that inhaled CO (ICO) may have similar effects on the perinatal lung. To determine whether ICOcan lower pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during the perinatal period, we studied the effects of ICOon late-gestation fetal lambs. Catheters were placed in the main pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery (LPA), aorta, and left atrium to measure pressure. An ultrasonic flow transducer was placed on the LPA to measure blood flow to the left lung. After baseline measurements, fetal lambs were mechanically ventilated with a hypoxic gas mixture (inspired O2fraction < 0.10) to maintain a constant fetal arterial [Formula: see text]. After 60 min (baseline), the lambs were treated with ICO[5–2,500 parts/million (ppm)]. Comparisons were made with INO(5 and 20 ppm) and combined INO(5 ppm) and ICO(100 and 2,500 ppm). We found that ICOdid not alter left lung blood flow or PVR at any of the study doses. In contrast, low-dose INOdecreased PVR by 47% ( P < 0.005). The combination of INOand ICOdid not enhance the vasodilator response to INO. To determine whether endogenous CO contributes to vascular tone in the fetal lung, zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of heme oxygenase, was infused into the LPA in three lambs. Zinc protoporphyrin IX had no effect on baseline PVR, aortic pressure, or the pressure gradient across the ductus arteriosus. We conclude that ICOdoes not cause vasodilation in the near-term ovine transitional circulation, and endogenous CO does not contribute significantly to baseline pulmonary vascular tone or ductus arteriosus tone in the late-gestation ovine fetus.

Pulmonary trunk, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary arterial phasic blood flow interactions during systole and diastole in the fetus

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Smolich ◽  
Jonathan P. Mynard ◽  
Daniel J. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Compression Wave ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Time Flow

Although the distribution of average fetal pulmonary trunk (PT) blood flow favors the ductus arteriosus (DA) over the lungs, the phasic aspects of this distribution during systole and diastole are not well understood. Accordingly, flow profile and wave intensity (WI) analyses were performed at baseline and during brief flow increases accompanying an extrasystole (ES) in 10 anesthetized late-gestation fetal sheep instrumented with PT, DA, and left pulmonary artery (PA) micromanometer catheters and transit-time flow probes. At baseline, 83% of mean PT flow crossed the DA and 17% entered the lungs. However, early systolic flow associated with a forward-running compression wave (FCWis) was higher in the PA and predominant DA flow only emerged in midsystole when a large PA backward-running compression wave (BCWms), which reduced PA flow, was transmitted into the DA as a forward-running compression wave (FCWms) that increased flow. Subsequent protodiastolic forward DA flow occurring during pulmonary valve closure was associated with substantial retrograde PA flow, but insignificant PT flow. Conversely, forward DA flow in the remainder of diastole occurred with forward PT but near-zero PA flow. These flow and WI patterns, in conjunction with the results of mathematical modeling, suggest that 1) fetal PT flow preferentially passes into the PA during early systole due to a lower PA-than-DA characteristic impedance, while DA flow predominates in mid- and late systole due to flow effects arising from the PA BCWms, and 2) forward DA flow is mainly sustained by reversal of PA flow in protodiastole but discharge of a more central reservoir in diastole.

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