Left inferior frontal cortex can compensate the inhibitory functions of right inferior frontal cortex and pre-supplementary motor area

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioele Gavazzi ◽  
Matteo Lenge ◽  
Emanuele Bartolini ◽  
Andrea Bianchi ◽  
Herdis Agovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex

scholarly journals Evidence for parallel activation of the pre-supplementary motor area and inferior frontal cortex during response inhibition: a combined MEG and TMS study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Allen ◽  
Krish D. Singh ◽  
Frederick Verbruggen ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
Simultaneous Activity ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

This pre-registered experiment sought to uncover the temporal relationship between the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) during stopping of an ongoing action. Both regions have previously been highlighted as being central to cognitive control of actions, particularly response inhibition. Here we tested which area is activated first during the stopping process using magnetoencephalography, before assessing the relative chronometry of each region using functionally localized transcranial magnetic stimulation. Both lines of evidence pointed towards simultaneous activity across both regions, suggesting that parallel, mutually interdependent processing may form the cortical basis of stopping. Additional exploratory analysis, however, provided weak evidence in support of previous suggestions that the pre-SMA may provide an ongoing drive of activity to the IFC.

scholarly journals Performance monitoring by presupplementary and supplementary motor area during an arm movement countermanding task

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1928-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine W. Scangos ◽  
Ryan Aronberg ◽  
Veit Stuphorn
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
General Role ◽  
Actual Outcome ◽  
Movement Selection

A key component of executive control and decision making is the ability to use the consequences of chosen actions to update and inform the process of future action selection. Evaluative signals, which monitor the outcomes of actions, are critical for this ability. Signals related to the evaluation of actions have been identified in eye movement-related areas of the medial frontal cortex. Here we examined whether such evaluative signals are also present in areas of the medial frontal cortex related to arm movements. To answer this question, we recorded from cells in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA, while monkeys performed an arm movement version of the countermanding paradigm. SMA and pre-SMA have been implicated in the higher-order control of movement selection and execution, although their precise role within the skeletomotor control circuit is unclear. We found evaluative signals that encode information about the expected outcome of the reward, the actual outcome, and the mismatch between actual and intended outcome. These findings suggest that signals that monitor and evaluate movement outcomes are represented throughout the medial frontal cortex, playing a general role across effector systems. These evaluation signals supervise the relationship between intentional motor behavior and reward expectation and could be used to adaptively shape future goal-directed behavior.

scholarly journals Loss of phosphodiesterase 4 in Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Niccolini ◽  
Heather Wilson ◽  
Gennaro Pagano ◽  
Christopher Coello ◽  
Mitul A. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4

Objective:To assess in vivo the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and its relevance to cognitive symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) using [11C]rolipram PET.Methods:We studied 12 levodopa-treated patients with PD with no concurrent diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Their data were compared with those from 12 healthy controls. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessment using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Parametric images of [11C]rolipram volume of distribution (VT) values were determined with the Logan plot.Results:Patients with PD performed worse than healthy controls in cognitive examinations assessing psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and spatial working memory and executive function. Patients with PD showed reductions in [11C]rolipram VT compared to healthy controls, in the caudate (28%), thalamus (23%), hypothalamus (32%), and cortex (16%). Within thalamic subregions, [11C]rolipram VT values in patients with PD were decreased by 12%–32%, with most marked decreases observed in prefrontal and temporal thalamic nuclei, whereas motor nuclei were less affected. Within the cortex, [11C]rolipram VT values in patients with PD were decreased by 11%–20%, with most marked decreases observed in posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, and supplementary motor area, whereas orbitofrontal cortex was less affected. Worse performance in spatial working memory correlated with lower [11C]rolipram VT values in posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, caudate, and prefrontal thalamic nuclei.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate loss of PDE4 expression in the striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, which is associated with deficits of spatial working memory in patients with PD.

Action Monitoring and Medial Frontal Cortex: Leading Role of Supplementary Motor Area

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 343 (6173) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bonini ◽  
B. Burle ◽  
C. Liegeois-Chauvel ◽  
J. Regis ◽  
P. Chauvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Action Monitoring ◽  
Leading Role
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