Neuropeptide CART modulates dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens: insights into the anatomy of rewarding circuits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay N. Awathale ◽  
Amit G. Choudhary ◽  
Nishikant K. Subhedar ◽  
Dadasaheb M. Kokare
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Dopamine Turnover

Adrenergic Hyperactivity and Metanephrine Excess in the Nucleus Accumbens After Prefrontocortical Dopamine Depletion

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio F. Espejo ◽  
Javier Miñano
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Vanillylmandelic Acid ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Noradrenergic Hyperactivity ◽  
Neurochemical Profile ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Selective dopamine depletion within the medial prefrontal cortex in rats is known to enhance dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the nucleus accumbens and to induce characteristic behavioral disturbances. The present study was designed to determine levels of adrenaline, apart from dopamine and norepinephrine, and metabolites in the nucleus accumbens after prefrontocortical dopamine depletion. Prefrontocortical dopamine depletion was carried out by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine, and it was validated through: the emergence of behavioral disturbances such as amphetamine-induced stereotypies, spontaneous motor hyperactivity, and enhanced “anxiety-like” responses and through postmortem quantification of catecholamine levels by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The findings indicated that lesioned rats exhibited more oral stereotypies after amphetamine, were hyperlocomotive, and showed more pronounced anxiety-like behaviors than controls. Following prefrontocortical dopamine depletion, postmortem concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine, along with the metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and vanillylmandelic acid, were reliably enhanced in the nucleus accumbens as expected, and dopamine turnover was decreased. Furthermore the nucleus accumbens contained higher levels of adrenaline and its transmethylated metabolite metanephrine. To sum up, prefrontocortical dopamine depletion induces motor and emotional disturbances in rats and alters the neurochemical profile of the nucleus accumbens, not only inducing dopaminergic and noradrenergic hyperactivity but also leading to adrenaline and metanephrine excess.

Hyperlocomotion during Recovery from Isoflurane Anesthesia Is Associated with Increased Dopamine Turnover in the Nucleus Accumbens and Striatum in Mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Irifune ◽  
Tomoaki Sato ◽  
Takashige Nishikawa ◽  
Takashi Masuyama ◽  
Masahiro Nomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Dopamine Turnover

Background It was recently reported that isoflurane increases dopamine release in the striatum in rats both in vivo and in vitro, and that isoflurane inhibits uptake of dopamine in the rat brain synaptosomes. However, the functional role of these effects of isoflurane on dopamine neurons is uncertain. Dopaminergic mechanisms within the nucleus accumbens and striatum play an important role in the control of locomotor activity, and a change in dopamine turnover depends essentially on a change in impulse flow in the dopamine neurons. In this study, the effects of isoflurane on locomotor activity and on dopamine turnover were investigated in discrete brain regions in mice. Methods Mice were placed in individual airtight clear plastic chambers and spontaneously breathed isoflurane in 25% oxygen and 75% nitrogen (fresh gas flow, 4 l/min). Locomotor activity was measured with an Animex activity meter. Animals were decapitated after treatments with or without isoflurane, and the concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites in different brain areas were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results During the 10 min after the cessation of the 20-min exposure to isoflurane, there was a significant increase in locomotor activity in animals breathing 1.5% isoflurane but not 0.7% isoflurane. This increase in locomotor activity produced by 1.5% isoflurane was abolished by a low dose of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), a dopamine receptor antagonist. Regional brain monoamine assays revealed that 1.5% isoflurane significantly increased the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid:dopamine ratio (one indicator of transmitter turnover) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, but a concentration of 0.7% did not. This significant increase in dopamine turnover in these regions continued during 20 min after the cessation of the administration of 1.5% isoflurane. Conclusions These results suggest that isoflurane-induced hyperlocomotion during emergence may be associated with increased dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens and striatum.

Ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion associated with the increased dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens in mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
M. Irifune ◽  
S.-I. Iwata ◽  
T. Shimizu ◽  
K. Izumi ◽  
T. Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Dopamine Turnover

The nucleus accumbens–possible site of antipsychotic action of neuroleptic drugs?

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Crow ◽  
J. F. W. Deakin ◽  
A. Longden
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission

synopsisThe hypothesis that neuroleptic drugs exert their therapeutic effects by blocking dopaminergic transmission has been investigated by examining the effects of 3 neuroleptic drugs on dopamine turnover in 2 dopaminergically innervated regions of brain – the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens. The drugs chlorpromazine, thioridazine and fluphenazine, known to be therapeutically active in the treatment of schizophrenia, but to have differing incidences of extrapyramidal side effects, were administered to rats in dose ratios approximating to those effective in man. All 3 drugs induced a similar rise in the content of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in the nucleus accumbens, whilst the changes in HVA observed in the neostriatum were in the rank order in which these drugs produce extrapyramidal side effects. While the concentrations of dopamine metabolites in the frontal cortex were too low to assess the possibility that neuroleptic drugs have actions at this level, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that these drugs exert their therapeutic effects by dopamine receptor blockade in the nucleus accumbens.

Repeated access to sucrose augments dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens

Neuroreport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2213-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Hajnal ◽  
Ralph Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Dopamine Turnover
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