scholarly journals Effects of diazepam, nitrazepam and brotizolam on dopamine turnover in the olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus of rats.

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro ISHIKO ◽  
Chiyoko INAGAKI ◽  
Shuji TAKAORI
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Olfactory Tubercle

scholarly journals The glycosylation properties of D2 dopamine receptors from striatal and limbic areas of bovine brain

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M N Leonard ◽  
R A Williamson ◽  
P G Strange
Keyword(s):  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Olfactory Tubercle ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Neuraminidase Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Affinity Interaction

D2 dopamine receptors from bovine brain (caudate nucleus and olfactory tubercle) have been solubilized using sodium cholate/NaCl and their glycoprotein properties studied in terms of their interaction with wheat-germ agglutinin-agarose (WGA-agarose). Under optimal conditions about 65% of the applied D2 dopamine receptors bound to WGA-agarose and could be eluted with N-acetylglucosamine. The ability of receptors to adsorb to the affinity column was shown to be dependent on the cholate and salt concentrations used. Digestion of the membrane bound D2 dopamine receptors with neuraminidase prior to solubilisation reduced the ability of the receptors to bind to WGA-agarose (50% of applied receptors bound) whereas digestion with N-acetylglucosaminidase did not significantly affect binding to WGA-agarose. Digestion with the two enzymes together resulted in a larger decrease in binding to WGA-agarose than was seen with the two enzymes alone (40% of applied receptors bound). Stepwise elution of bound receptors from the WGA-agarose columns using 2.5 mM- and 100-mM-N-acetylglucosamine showed that about 40% of the bound receptors interacted with WGA-agarose in a low-affinity manner, the remainder showing a high-affinity interaction. Neuraminidase treatment reduced the low-affinity population suggesting that the interaction of oligosaccharides bearing sialic acid with WGA-agarose is of lower affinity and that higher-affinity binding is via N-acetylglucosamine. These data are discussed in terms of the heterogeneity of carbohydrate moieties on the D2 dopamine receptors within a brain region. In all the tests applied here, however, receptors from caudate nucleus and olfactory tubercle behaved identically so their glycosylation patterns must be very similar.

scholarly journals The Expression Patterns of c-Fos and c-Jun Induced by Different Frequencies of Electroacupuncture in the Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Ying Qiu ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Lu-ying Cui ◽  
Man-Li Hu ◽  
Ming-Xing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
The Brain

To investigate patterns of c-Fos and c-Jun expression induced by different frequencies of electroacupuncture (EA) in the brain, goats were stimulated by EA of 0, 2, 60, or 100 Hz at a set of “Baihui, Santai, Ergen, and Sanyangluo” points for 30 min. The pain threshold was measured using the potassium iontophoresis method. The levels of c-Fos and c-Jun were determined with Streptavidin-Biotin Complex immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the pain threshold induced by 60 Hz was 82.2% higher (P<0.01) than that by 0, 2, or 100 Hz (6.5%, 35.2%, or 40.9%). EA induced increased c-Fos and c-Jun expression in most analgesia-related nuclei and areas in the brain. Sixty Hz EA increased more c-Fos or c-Jun expression than 2 Hz or 100 Hz EA in all the measured nuclei and areas except for the nucleus accumbens, the area septalis lateralis, the caudate nucleus, the nucleus amygdala basalis, and the locus coeruleus, in which c-Fos or c-Jun expressions induced by 60 Hz EA did not differ from those by 2 Hz or 100 Hz EA. It was suggested that 60 Hz EA activated more extensive neural circuits in goats, which may contribute to optimal analgesic effects.

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