TRIAL RESULTS IN SMALL DECREASE IN CESAREAN BIRTHS

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-624
Keyword(s):  
Small Decrease ◽  
Cesarean Births

scholarly journals Why do pregnant women prefer cesarean birth? A qualitative study in a tertiary care center in Southern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitkasaem Suwanrath ◽  
Sopen Chunuan ◽  
Phawat Matemanosak ◽  
Sutham Pinjaroen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cesarean Birth ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cesarean Births ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs

Abstract Background Increasing worldwide rates of cesarean section are of global concern. In recent years, cesarean births upon maternal request have become a hotly debated issue. Hence, this study aimed to explore maternal reasons for cesarean preference without medical indications. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted, using in-depth interviews with 27 pregnant women who preferred cesarean birth, attending antenatal care in Songklanagarind Hospital from September 2018 to June 2019. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results Maternal reasons for cesarean preference were classified into six main categories: fear of childbirth, safety concerns related to health risk perceptions, negative previous birth experiences, positive attitudes toward cesarean birth, access to biased information and superstitious beliefs in auspicious birth dates. Most women had more than one reason for opting cesarean birth. Conclusion Several reasons for cesarean birth preference have been elucidated. One striking reason was superstitious beliefs in auspicious birth dates, which are challengable for obstetricians to deal with. Obstetricians should explore the exact reasons why women request cesarean birth in order to prevent or diminish unnecessary cesarean births.

Mechanism of the Protective Action of Magnesium in Mechanical Trauma Involving Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Gray ◽  
William J. Jordan ◽  
Nelson D. Goldberg ◽  
William D. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Concomitant Decrease ◽  
Catechol Amines

Pretreatment of animals subjected to tumbling trauma with MgSO4·7H2O injected intraperitoneally brings about a significant decrease in the mortality and a concomitant decrease in the concentration of the circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine. The pretreatment also prevents as large a decrease in blood volume as is seen in the untreated animals. In the treated animals, the small decrease that is seen soon returns to normal. It is proposed that the protective action of the Mg++ lies in its ability to maintain the blood volume and thereby prevent the increase in circulating catechol amines seen in the untreated animals.

Magnetotransport Study of Electron Doping in Sr2FeMoO6

2011 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Jibu Stephen ◽  
Grant V. M. Williams ◽  
Benjamin J. Ruck
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Hall Coefficient ◽  
Anomalous Hall Effect ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Electron Doping ◽  
La Doped

We report the results from magnetotransport measurements on polycrystalline Sr2-xLaxFeMoO6 samples at magnetic fields of up to 8 T. We observe a normal as well as an anomalous Hall effect. We find that there is a small decrease in the normal Hall coefficient for La doped samples.

scholarly journals Effects of Noise and Second Language on Conversational Dynamics in Task Dialogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 233121652110244
Author(s):  
A. Josefine Munch Sørensen ◽  
Michal Fereczkowski ◽  
Ewen N. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Speech Understanding ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Turn Taking

This study provides a framework for measuring conversational dynamics between conversational partners (interlocutors). Conversations from 20 pairs of young, normal-hearing, native-Danish talkers were recorded when speaking in both quiet and noise (70 dBA sound pressure level [SPL]) and in Danish and English. Previous studies investigating the intervals from when one talker stops talking to when the next one starts, termed floor-transfer offsets (FTOs), suggest that typical turn-taking requires interlocutors to predict when the current talker will finish their turn. We hypothesized that adding noise and/or speaking in a second language (L2) would increase the communication difficulty and result in longer and more variable FTOs. The median and interquartile range of FTOs increased slightly in noise, and in L2, there was a small increase in interquartile range but a small decrease in the median of FTO durations. It took the participants longer to complete the task in both L2 and noise, indicating increased communication difficulty. The average duration of interpausal units, that is, units of connected speech surrounded by silences of 180 ms or more, increased by 18% in noise and 8% in L2. These findings suggest that talkers held their turn for longer, allowing more time for speech understanding and planning. In L2, participants spoke slower, and in both L2 and noise, they took fewer turns. These changes in behavior may have offset some of the increased difficulty when communicating in noise or L2. We speculate that talkers prioritize the maintenance of turn-taking timing over other speech measures.

scholarly journals Intracellular calcium and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate as mediators of potassium-induced aldosterone secretion

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kojima ◽  
K Kojima ◽  
H Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells

We compared the action of K+ on aldosterone secretion from isolated bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells with that of ionophore A23187. Addition of either 50 nM-A23187 or 8 mM-K+ to perifused cells induces a similar initial aldosterone-secretory responses, and a similar sustained increases in Ca2+ entry. However, K+-induced secretion is more sustained than is A23187-induced secretion, even though each agonist appears to act by increasing Ca2+ entry into the cells. When [3H]inositol-labelled cells are stimulated by 8 mM-K+, a small decrease in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] is observed. This decrease is not accompanied by an increase in inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) concentration. Also, if [3H]arachidonic acid-labelled cells are exposed to 8 mM-K+, there is no increase in [3H]diacylglycerol production. When [3H]inositol-labelled cells are stimulated by 50 nM-A23187, a small decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2 is observed. This decrease is not accompanied by an increase in InsP3. The cyclic AMP content of K+-treated cells was approximately twice that in A23187-treated cells. If cells are perifused simultaneously with 50 nM-forskolin and 50 nM-A23187, the initial aldosterone-secretory response is similar to that induced by A23187 alone, and the response is sustained rather than transient, and is similar to that seen during perifusion of cells with 8 mM-K+. This dose of forskolin (50 nM) causes an elevation of cyclic AMP concentration in A23187-treated cells, to a value similar to that in K+-treated cells. These results indicate that, in K+-treated cells, a rise in cyclic AMP content serves as a positive sensitivity modulator of the Ca2+ message, and plays a key role in mediating the sustained aldosterone-secretory response.

EXCRETION OF COLORED ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORBING SUBSTANCES BY MARINE ALGAE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Craigie ◽  
J. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Small Decrease

Normal, healthy thalli of Fucus vesiculosus have been shown to release into the surrounding medium yellow compounds which absorb ultraviolet light. A study of this phenomenon revealed that brief exposure to elevated temperatures (20 °C) increased the amount of pigment released. There was no difference in the production in light or darkness and only a small decrease with reduced salinity. The amount of pigmentation observed in the medium was directly proportional to the degree of alkalinity from pH 7 to pH 9.A number of other macrophytes and microphytes were examined and only those possessing physodes released substances giving a spectrum similar to that of F. vesiculosus.Isolation of the material, alkaline hydrolysis, and chromatography revealed phloroglucinol and several unidentified fluorescent substances. It appears that these materials were flavonols or catechin-type tannins.

Thermal, structural, and mechanical effects of nanofibrillated cellulose in polylactic acid filaments for additive manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7954-7964
Author(s):  
Diego Gomez-Maldonado ◽  
Maria Soledad Peresin ◽  
Christina Verdi ◽  
Guillermo Velarde ◽  
Daniel Saloni
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
The Matrix

As the additive manufacturing process gains worldwide importance, the need for bio-based materials, especially for in-home polymeric use, also increases. This work aims to develop a composite of polylactic acid (PLA) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as a sustainable approach to reinforce the currently commercially available PLA. The studied materials were composites with 5 and 10% NFC that were blended and extruded. Mechanical, structural, and thermal characterization was made before its use for 3D printing. It was found that the inclusion of 10% NFC increased the modulus of elasticity in the filaments from 2.92 to 3.36 GPa. However, a small decrease in tensile strength was observed from 55.7 to 50.8 MPa, which was possibly due to the formation of NFC aggregates in the matrix. This work shows the potential of using PLA mixed with NFC for additive manufacturing.

scholarly journals The Role of Attenuation and Land Management in Small Catchments to Remove Sediment and Phosphorus: A Modelling Study of Mitigation Options and Impacts

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Adams ◽  
Paul Quinn ◽  
Nick Barber ◽  
Sim Reaney
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Actual Type ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Small Catchments ◽  
Catchment Runoff

It is well known that soil, hillslopes, and watercourses in small catchments possess a degree of natural attenuation that affects both the shape of the outlet hydrograph and the transport of nutrients and sediments. The widespread adoption of Natural Based Solutions (NBS) practices in the headwaters of these catchments is expected to add additional attenuation primarily through increasing the amount of new storage available to accommodate flood flows. The actual type of NBS features used to add storage could include swales, ditches, and small ponds (acting as sediment traps). Here, recent data collected from monitored features (from the Demonstration Test Catchments project in the Newby Beck catchment (Eden) in northwest England) were used to provide first estimates of the percentages of the suspended sediment (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) loads that could be trapped by additional features. The Catchment Runoff Attenuation Flux Tool (CRAFT) was then used to model this catchment (Newby Beck) to investigate whether adding additional attenuation, along with the ability to trap and retain SS (and attached P), will have any effect on the flood peak and associated peak concentrations of SS and TP. The modelling tested the hypothesis that increasing the amount of new storage (thus adding attenuation capacity) in the catchment will have a beneficial effect. The model results implied that a small decrease of the order of 5–10% in the peak concentrations of SS and TP was observable after adding 2000 m3 to 8000 m3 of additional storage to the catchment.

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