Overexpression of the maize GRF10 , an endogenous truncated growth-regulating factor protein, leads to reduction in leaf size and plant height

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Dengfeng Zhang ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
Jianjun Qian ◽  
Yan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Size

scholarly journals Controlling Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Will.) Height with Growth Retardant Application in West Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Dewi Sukma ◽  
Gina Megawati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
West Java ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Plant Shoots

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the growth retardant Cycocel application in the growth and development of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) ‘Freedom Red’.  Cycocel was applied by spraying plant shoots at the concentrations of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 ppm. The increase in cycocel concentrations reduced plant height, leaf size, internodal length, plant spread and the number of flowering plants. All cycocel concentrations resulted in an ideal potted plant height. The optimum spray concentration of Cycocel used to obtain compact and uniformly flowering plants under tropical West Java environment was 1000 ppm.

The value of red light at night for increasing basil yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1330
Author(s):  
Jaimin S. Patel ◽  
Leora Radetsky ◽  
Mark S. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Sweet Basil

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is primarily used for culinary purposes, but it is also used in the fragrance and medicinal industries. In the last few years, global sweet basil production has been significantly impacted by downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii Thines. Nighttime exposure to red light has been shown to inhibit sporulation of P. belbahrii. The objective of this study was to determine if nighttime exposure to red light from light-emitting diodes (λmax = 625 nm) could increase plant growth (plant height and leaf size) and yield (number and weight of leaves) in basil plants. In two sets of greenhouse experiments, red light was applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 60 μmol m−2 s−1 during the otherwise dark night for 10 h (from 2000 to 0600). The results demonstrate that exposure to red light at night can increase the number of basil leaves per plant, plant height, leaf size (length and width), and leaf fresh and dry weight compared with plants in darkness at night. The addition of incremental red light at night has the potential to be cost-effective for fresh organic basil production in controlled environments.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic variability in vegetable amaranth (A. tricolor) over different cuttings

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shukla ◽  
A. Bhargava ◽  
A. Chatterjee ◽  
A. Srivastava ◽  
S. P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
General Protein ◽  
Selection Parameters

The present investigation was carried out to study different selection parameters for foliage yield and its important yield contributing traits in 29 strains of vegetable amaranth (A. tricolor). The data were recorded for plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), branches/plant, leaves/plant, leaf size (cm<sup>2</sup>), and protein content (mg/100 mg) in each cutting separately. Foliage yield (kg) was recorded on plot basis comprising 4 cuttings. The highest foliage yield per plot was recorded for strain AV-38, followed by AV-23 and AV-31. In general, protein content was high in the 2<sup>nd</sup> cutting in all strains. The heritability estimates were in general high for all the characters in all the cuttings and ranged from 74.87% to 93.33%. Genetic advance was maximum for foliage yield (42.50%), followed by leaf size (31.02%) and stem diameter (21.13%). It was concluded that foliage yield could be increased substantially in vegetable amaranth through indirect selection based on the characters leaf size and stem diameter. &nbsp;

Photosynthesis, vegetative habit and culinary properties of sage (Salvia officinalis) in response to low-light conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Mapes ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Double Blind

Mapes, C. and Xu, Y. 2014. Photosynthesis, vegetative habit and culinary properties of sage (Salvia officinalis) in response to low-light conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 881–889. Culinary sage (Salvia officinalis) is known to grow better at sunny locations with good drainage. However, when there is a necessity to propagate it in controlled environments with minimal additional lighting, or at shady locations, how significantly its growth and production would be restricted has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the responses of sage grown in a greenhouse over the winter when ambient light in the greenhouse is lower than 212 μmol m−2 s−1 (or a daily light integral of 9.2 mol m−2 d−1). Sage seedlings were planted in growing media and covered with various shade cloths to reach 70, 50 and 30% of the ambient irradiance. Photochemical efficiency and in situ chlorophyll status were estimated at 7, 21, and 56 d. The daily leaf emergence rate was calculated by monitoring changes in leaf number. Plant height, leaf size, biomass, aroma rating and soluble protein content of the sage plants grown under various light levels were measured at 84 d. The results indicate that light impacted the integrity of chloroplasts and the photosynthetic capacity of sage plants, as manifested by the lower the light level, the more the declines in variable fluorescence/maximal fluorescence and chlorophyll content index. Biochemical analysis revealed that the concentration of chlorophyll (per gram leaf dry mass) slightly increased under 50 and 30% light, but that of carotenoids was not changed. Light also affected the vegetative habit of sage plants. With reduced light intensity, plant height increased, whereas leaf size and number decreased. Double-blind aroma testing suggested that adequate light intesity might be required for the biosynthesis of essential oil in sage, attenuating its aroma. The soluble protein content in sage leaves declined at 50 and 30% light, suggesting a deminished source of essential amino acids contained in the plant. In summary, sage responds sensitively to reducing irradiance, which directly restricts its photosynthesis, and thus alters its vegetative growth and culinary properties.

Relationship between seed size and related functional traits in North Saharan Acacia woodlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Teresa Navarro ◽  
Jalal El Oualidi ◽  
Mohammed Sghir Taleb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
Spatial Dispersal ◽  
Tetraena Gaetula

Background and aims – North Saharan Acacia woodland is a fragile ecosystem altered by desertification and human activities. Little research has been conducted on the ecology of North Saharan Acacia woodland species. Seed size is a key trait to determine germination success, survival rate and establishment of Acacia woodland species under desert constraints.Methods – We analysed seed-size relationships in 42 selected woody plants in four different types of Acacia woodland vegetation which correspond to 26 plant species. We examined the correlation among seed size, fruit size, plant height, leaf size and flowering time and we tested seed size and fruit size variation among growth forms, dispersal modes and mechanisms to prevent dispersal. Key results – Close relationships were found between seed size and fruit size (r = 0. 77**), between fruit size and plant height (r = 0.51**) and between seed size and flowering duration (r = -0.46*) and a weak positive relationship was found between fruit and leaf size. Species with restricted spatial dispersal tended to have smaller seeds and fruits compared to those with well-developed spatial dispersal. Species which disperse and germinate throughout the year tended to have large diaspores, whereas species with seasonal germination tended to have small diaspores. The relationship between seed size and growth form/plant height was strong for gravity-dispersed (barochorous) species secondarily dispersed by vertebrates (Ziziphus lotus), seeds with secondary wind-assisted dispersal (Zilla spinosa subsp. macroptera) and for restricted-dispersal species (Tetraena gaetula). Precocious, short-flowering species that spread dispersal and germination over time (Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana) tended to have large seeds. Early- and long-flowering herbaceous species tended to have small seeds (Brocchia cinerea).Conclusion – Close relationships are found between seed size and fruit size, between fruit size and plant height and between seed size and flowering duration in Moroccan Acacia woodland species.

The taxonomic status of Vaccinium pallidum, the hillside blueberries including Vaccinium vacillans

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1559-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Three hundred and seventy three specimens of Vaccinium § Cyanococcus were collected from 43 sites in eastern North America for taxonomic studies. Data collected using various techniques indicate that the hillside blueberries should be recognized as a single species for which the name Vaccinium pallidum Aiton has nomenclatural priority. Three characters, viz. plant height, leaf width and shape, and leaf margin, separate V. pallidum from V. angustifolium; plant height, growth habit, and leaf width separate V. pallidum from V. corymbosum; while leaf size and shape, glandular indumentum, and calyx pubescence separate V. tenellum from V. pallidum. Although V. pallidum and V. corymbosum are sympatric, only a few natural hybrids have been found among the collected material. Crossing trials among the species yielded experimental phenological data which corroborated the validity of these morphological groups.

scholarly journals Combining ability studies in restorer lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
T. Rudra Gouda Mali Patil ◽  
Vikas V. Kulkarni ◽  
Mallikarjun Kenganal ◽  
I. Shankergoud ◽  
J. R. Diwan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Volume Weight

The restorer lines are used to get fertile hybrids in hybrid seed production system of sunflower. Improve-ment of R-lines for fertility and oil content of sunflower is required to get desirable hybrids upon crossing. In the pre-sent study, 6 restorer lines were crossed in full diallele and both direct and reciprocal crosses along with parents were evaluated for their combining ability. The analysis of variance revealed higher magnitude of SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters studied except for days to 50 per cent flowering. Among six parents, GMU -520 and R-GM-41 were best general combiner for plant height, head diameter, test weight and leaf size in the desired direction. However, GMU-520 has advantage of yield per plant and oil content. From 15 direct crosses R-GM-41 x R -GM-49 exhibited significant specific combining ability for viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (-1.08), plant height (13.69), head diameter (4.79), leaf size (0.74), yield per plant (17.14), volume weight (2.54), test weight (1.75) and oil content (0.34) followed by RCR-630 x GMU-520, R-GM-41 x EC-602060, R-GM-49 x GMU-520 and EC-602060 x GMU-520 each exhibiting good specific combining ability for majority of characters. Among reciprocal crosses R-GM -41 x RCR-8 exhibited a high reciprocal effects for head diameter (4.57), yield per plant (15.16), test weight (2.02) and leaf size (0.75).

scholarly journals Transferability of ISSR, SCoT and SSR Markers for Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat and Genetic Relationships among Commercial Russian Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Lidia S. Samarina ◽  
Valentina I. Malyarovskaya ◽  
Stefanie Reim ◽  
Lyudmila G. Yakushina ◽  
Natalia G. Koninskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
New Findings

Characterization of genetic diversity in germplasm collections requires an efficient set of molecular markers. We assessed the efficiency of 36 new SCoT markers, 10 new ISSR markers, and 5 microsatellites for the characterization of genetic diversity in chrysanthemum core collection of 95 accessions (Russian and foreign cultivars). Seven new SCoT (SCoT12, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, 34) and six new ISSR markers ((GA)8T, (CT)8G, (CTTCA)3, (GGAGA)3, (TC)8C, (CT)8TG) were efficient for the genetic diversity analysis in Chrysanthemum × morifolium collection. After STRUCTURE analysis, most Russian cultivars showed 20–50% of genetic admixtures of the foreign cultivars. Neighbor joining analysis based on the combination of SSR, ISSR, and SCoT data showed the best accordance with phenotype and origin compared to the separate analysis by each marker type. The position of the accessions within the phylogenetic tree corresponded with the origin and with some important traits, namely, plant height, stem and peduncle thickness, inflorescence type, composite flower and floret types, flower color, and disc color. In addition, several SCoT markers were suitable to separate the groups distinctly by the phenotypical traits such as plant height (SCoT29, SCoT34), thickness of the stem and peduncle (SCoT31, SCoT34), and leaf size and the floret type (SCoT31). These results provide new findings for the selection of markers associated with important traits in Chrysanthemum for trait-oriented breeding and germplasm characterization.

scholarly journals Microbial Effects from Biogas Slurry Application on Growing Phase of Turi (Sesbania grandiflora)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nurzainah Ginting ◽  
Hasnudi ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
M.Adanan Purba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Microbial Effects

This research was conducted in Samosir Island, North Sumatera Province, Indonesiawhich has Inceptisol soil. As this type of soil is generally unfertile, since hundreds years ago,local people added ruminant faeces before planting. This research objective was to prove thatapplication of biogas slurry on growing phase of Turi (Sesbania grandiflora) plant improvedmicrobial population on soil thus plant quality. This research was conducted from May untilSeptember 2018. Research design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) withtreatments slurry dosages which were P0: without slurry, P1: 10/ha/year and P2: 20/ha/year.Parameters were chemical composition of slurry, microbial type and population, plant height,total leaf, stem diameter, number of branch and leaf size. The results showed that P0 had nosignificant effect on every parameters while P1 and P2 improved microbial type andpopulation, plant height, total leaf, stem diameter, number of branch and leaf size (P <0.05).There was an increasing of microbial population in line with the increasing of slurry dosage.P2 contained the highest population of bacteria or fungal (F <0.05) compared to P0 or P1.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SERTA SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH PADA TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Julianus Jeksen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

       This study aims to examine the impact of cow manure dosage on the growth and yields of peanut plan and also on the physical and chemical characteristic of soil, as well as the optimum dosage of Bokasih fertilizer. This study uses block random design including 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatment in this study is PK1 0 ton ha-1, PK2 10 ton ha-1, PK3 20 ton ha-1, PK4 30 ton ha-1, and PK5 40 ton ha-1. Meanwhile, the results of laboratory data analysis for the physical and chemical characteristic of soil are presented in tables and diagrams and are further described. The study indicates that the distribution of cow manure provides real impact on plant height, a number of leaves, leaf size at the age of 45 days after planting, that is to say, 45.29, 47.78, 48.11, 50.06, 50.81, and the age of 60 days after planting, that is to say, 65.30, 66.38, 67.60, 68.93, 70.46. There was also unreal impact on plant height, number of leaves, leaf size at the age of 15 and 30 days after planting, number of pod tan-1, number of containing pod tan-1, the weight of pod tan-1, and weight of fresh berangkasan tan-1. The distribution of cow manure has the impact of physical and chemical characteristic improvement on peanut plants. The optimum dose of cow manure that can enhance growth and yield of peanut plants has not been revealed in this research, whereas the optimum dose of the physical and chemical characteristics of soil is 40 ton ha-1.

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