scholarly journals Walking Speed, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Risk in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Hackett ◽  
Hilary Davies-Kershaw ◽  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
Martin Orrell ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

scholarly journals The dynamic relationship between cognitive function and walking speed: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

AGE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine R Gale ◽  
Michael Allerhand ◽  
Avan Aihie Sayer ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Ian J Deary
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

scholarly journals Loneliness, Social Integration, and Incident Dementia Over 6 Years: Prospective Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snorri Bjorn Rafnsson ◽  
Martin Orrell ◽  
Eleonora d’Orsi ◽  
Eef Hogervorst ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Objectives Social relationships are important for the maintenance of cognitive function at older ages, with both objective features of social networks and perceived social connections (loneliness) being relevant. There is limited evidence about how different aspects of social experience predict diagnosed dementia. Methods The sample comprised 6,677 dementia-free individuals at baseline (2004) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Baseline information on loneliness, number of close relationships, marital status, and social isolation (contact with family and friends and participation in organizations) was analyzed in relation to incident dementia over an average 6.25 years using Cox regression, controlling for potential confounding factors. Results Two hundred twenty participants developed dementia during follow-up. In multivariable analyses, dementia risk was positively related to greater loneliness (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.80, p = .008), and inversely associated with number of close relationships (p < .001) and being married (p = .018). Sensitivity analyses testing for reverse causality and different criteria for diagnosing dementia confirmed the robustness of these findings. There was no association with social isolation. Discussion Dementia risk is associated with loneliness and having fewer close relationships in later life. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, but efforts to enhance older peoples’ relationship quality may be relevant to dementia risk.

scholarly journals Is there a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive ability in older people? A prospective study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Gale ◽  
M. Allerhand ◽  
I. J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundCross-sectional surveys of older people commonly find associations between higher levels of depressive symptoms and poorer cognitive performance, but the direction of effect is unclear. We examined whether there was a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and general cognitive ability in non-demented older people, and explored the role of physical health, smoking, exercise, social class and education as potential confounders of this association and as possible determinants of the rate of change of cognitive decline and depressive symptoms.MethodThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing consists of people aged 50 years and over. Cognitive function and self-reported depressive symptoms were measured in 2002–2003, 2004–2005, 2006–2007 and 2008–2009. We fitted linear piecewise models with fixed knot positions to allow different slopes for different age groups. Analyses are based on 8611 people.ResultsMean cognitive function declined with age; there was no trend in the trajectory of depressive symptoms. Better cognitive function was associated with less depression up to the age of 80 years. Greater depression was associated with a slightly faster rate of cognitive decline but only in people aged 60–80 years. There were no consistent associations across age groups between sex, smoking, education, social class, exercise or number of chronic physical illnesses and the rate of change of cognitive decline or depressive symptoms.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study of older people, there was no consistent evidence that being more depressed led to an acceleration in cognitive decline and no support for the hypothesis that there might be reciprocal dynamic influences between cognitive ability and depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Physical activity and trajectories in cognitive function: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽  
Panayotes Demakakos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThere are limited data on physical activity in relation to trajectories in cognitive function. The aim was to examine the association of physical activity with trajectories in cognitive function, measured from repeated assessments over 10 years.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year follow-up of 10 652 (aged 65±10.1 years) men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline and neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function were administered at regular 2-year intervals. Data from six repeated measurements of memory over 10 years and five repeated measurements of executive function over 8 years were used.ResultsThe multivariable models revealed relatively small baseline differences in cognitive function by physical activity status in both men and women. Over the 10-year follow-up, physically inactive women experienced a greater decline in their memory (−0.20 recalled words, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.11, per study wave) and in executive function ability (−0.33 named animals; −0.54 to −0.13, per study wave) in comparison with the vigorously active reference group. In men, there were no differences in memory (−0.08 recalled words, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.01, per study wave), but small differences in executive function (−0.23 named animals; −0.46 to −0.01, per study wave) between inactive and vigorously active.ConclusionPhysical activity was associated with preservation of memory and executive function over 10 years follow-up. The results were, however, more pronounced in women.

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