Better response to low FODMAP diet in DGBI patients with pronounced hydrogen response to a nutrient challenge test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Schindler ◽  
Stéphanie Giezendanner ◽  
Lukas Van Oudenhove ◽  
Fritz Ruprecht Murray ◽  
Joelle Buehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Challenge Test ◽  
Hydrogen Response ◽  
Fodmap Diet

scholarly journals Evaluation of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Patients with Previous Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Barone ◽  
Eugenio Gemello ◽  
Maria Teresa Viggiani ◽  
Fernanda Cristofori ◽  
Caterina Renna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet

Background. To date, there is no reliable marker for the diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), which benefits from a gluten-free diet (GFD). This condition is characterized by functional gastrointestinal symptoms similar to those occurring in the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, IBS has a higher prevalence, and often benefits from the administration of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet. The overlap of symptoms between these two pathologies has led to an overestimation of self-made diagnosis NCGS. Aims. To better identify NCGS in subjects with a previous diagnosis of IBS. Methods. All subjects received a low FODMAP diet that was also gluten-free (low FODMAP-GFD), and those presenting an improvement of symptoms were exposed to gluten or placebo (double-blind challenge with wash-out and crossover). The response to dietary treatments was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Results. Of 30 patients (23 women, seven men, aged 42.2 ± 12.5 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2), 26 benefited from the administration of low FODMAP-GFD and were exposed to the gluten/placebo challenge. After the challenge, using an increase of visual analogue scale VAS (Δ-VAS) ≥30%, 46.1% of the patients were NCGS+. However, this percentage became only 19.2% using a different method (mean ∆-VAS score plus two standard deviations). Conclusions. FODMAP intolerance could hide the response to a challenge test with gluten for the identification of NCGS in IBS patients. A low FODMAP-GFD followed by gluten/placebo challenge is able to identify patients with NCGS better. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT04017585.

Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S Peeralil ◽  
TC Joseph ◽  
V Murugadas ◽  
PG Akhilnath ◽  
VN Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

Mayonnaise challenge test in children who used to avoid hen’s egg and became tolerant to one heated egg

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Yumi Koike ◽  
Noriyuki Yanagida ◽  
Takanori Imai ◽  
Sakura Sato ◽  
Motohiro Ebisawa
Keyword(s):  
Challenge Test ◽  
Hen’S Egg
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